Climate

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Monsoon means seasonal reversal of winds during the course of the year. In India, this reversal produces a marked change in temperature, pressure, wind direction, and rainfall pattern.

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India is called a monsoon type country because wind direction reverses completely between summer and winter. Summer winds blow from sea to land and bring rain, while winter winds usually blow from lan…

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India lies between 6° and 37°N latitudes, and the Tropic of Cancer passes through the middle of the country. The southern parts are closer to the Equator and remain warmer, while northern parts have l…

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Coastal regions have an equable or maritime climate because the sea moderates temperature. Interior regions have an extreme or continental climate because they do not get this moderating influence.

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The Himalayas protect India from bitterly cold and dry winds from Central Asia during winter. They also act as a barrier to the rain-bearing southwest monsoon winds, so they strongly influence rainfal…

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The Bay of Bengal branch is forced upward by the funnel-shaped hills along the steep southern edge of the Meghalaya Plateau. This sudden uplift cools the air and causes very heavy rainfall, making Mau…

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Halley explained monsoon as the result of differential heating of land and sea. Flohn criticized this and explained monsoon origin through the seasonal shift of pressure and wind belts caused by the s…

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The Inter-Tropical Convergence Zone is the zone near the Equator where north-east trade winds and south-east trade winds meet. In summer it shifts north, helping draw in southwest monsoon winds into I…