Skip to main content
Super TutorResources
Chapter 4 of 25
Syllabus

Climate — Syllabus

ICSE · Class 12 · Geography

What Climate covers in ICSE Class 12 Geography: 4 topics, for the 2026-27 session. Part of the ICSE Class 12 Geography syllabus.

45 questions40 flashcards5 concepts

Interactive on Super Tutor

Studying Climate? Get the full interactive chapter.

Quizzes, flashcards, AI doubt-solver and a step-by-step study plan — built for syllabus and more.

Try Super Tutor — Free

Free trial, no card needed.

An infographic illustrating the key geographical and atmospheric factors that influence India's climate, including the Tropic of Cancer, the Himalayas, altitude, distance from the sea, western disturb
Super Tutor

Learn better with visuals Super Tutor pairs illustrations like this with notes and quizzes for Climate.

4 Topics · ICSE Class 12 Geography · 2026-27

Topics in Climate

1

1. Basic idea of monsoon climate

  • Monsoon means seasonal reversal of winds during the course of the year.
  • India’s climate changes with the season because winds, pressure, rainfall, and temperature all shift together.
  • Most rainfall in India comes in the summer season when moist south-west monsoon winds blow from sea to land.
2

2. Factors affecting India’s weather and climate

  • India lies roughly between 6° to 37°N latitudes, and the Tropic of Cancer passes through the middle of the country.
  • Southern India is closer to the Equator, so it remains warmer through the year.
  • Northern India lies in the warm temperate zone and has colder winters.
3

3. Theories and mechanism of monsoon

  • Sir Edmund Halley explained monsoon as the result of differential heating of land and sea.
  • Flohn criticized that view and explained monsoon through seasonal shift of pressure and wind belts.
  • The Inter-Tropical Convergence Zone is the zone near the equator where north-east trade winds and south-east trade winds meet.
4

4. Monsoon onset, advance, break, and retreat

  • The south-west monsoon sets in over the Kerala coast by 1 June.
  • It reaches Mumbai and Kolkata by 10-13 June.
  • It spreads over the entire sub-continent by 15 July.

Key Concepts

Central concept: India's monsoon type of climate and its controlling factors, seasonal rhythm, rainfall pattern, variability, droughts, and floods

Meaning of monsoonFactors affecting climateLocation and latitudinal extentDistance from the seaNorthern mountain rangesPhysiographyMonsoon windsNortheast monsoon

Work through every topic in Climate with notes and quizzes

Start This Chapter

Frequently Asked Questions

What are the important topics in Climate for ICSE Class 12 Geography?
Key topics in Climate include Basic idea of monsoon climate, Factors affecting India’s weather and climate, Theories and mechanism of monsoon, Monsoon onset, advance, break, and retreat. Study these first, then practise questions on each for the ICSE Class 12 board exam.
How should I revise Climate for the ICSE Class 12 board exam?
Learn the core ideas first, then work through the 45 practice questions on Climate. Revise definitions regularly and use flashcards for quick recall before the exam.

Sources & Official References

Content is aligned to the official syllabus. Refer to the board website for the latest curriculum.

More resources for Climate

All ICSE Class 12 Geography Syllabus

For serious students

Get the full Climate chapter — start free.

Quizzes, flashcards, an AI doubt solver and a study plan for ICSE Class 12 Geography. Free to start, no card needed.

Try Super Tutor Free
Try this chapter free