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Organs of Government : Judiciary — Syllabus

ICSE · Class 12 · Political Science

What Organs of Government : Judiciary covers in ICSE Class 12 Political Science: 4 topics, for the 2026-27 session.

45 questions38 flashcards5 concepts

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4 Topics · ICSE Class 12 Political Science · 2026-27

Topics in Organs of Government : Judiciary

1

Meaning and Necessity of Judiciary

  • The judiciary is a separate and independent organ of government.
  • Its main work is to apply existing law to individual cases.
  • It resolves disputes between citizens and between citizens and the state.
2

Modes of Recruitment of Judges

  • Different countries use different methods of appointing judges.
  • Judges may be nominated by the head of state, appointed by the executive, elected by the legislature, or co-opted by fellow judges.
  • In the United States, judges are nominated by the President and confirmed by the Senate.
3

Conditions of Judicial Independence

  • Judges should not be elected because elections can create political pressure.
  • Appointment should be by an autonomous authority for fair selection.
  • Judges should have long and secure tenure.
4

Judicial Review

  • Judicial review means the power of courts to examine the constitutional validity of laws and executive actions.
  • Courts can declare a law or order unconstitutional if it violates the Constitution.
  • This power was invented by Chief Justice George Marshall in the Marbury v. Madison Case of 1803.

Key Concepts

Central concept: Judiciary as the third, separate, and independent organ of government that interprets, applies, and protects the law and the Constitution

Meaning and necessity of judiciaryIndependent judiciaryModes of recruitmentJudicial reviewRule of lawProcedure established by law and due process of lawAmerican Supreme CourtIndian Supreme Court

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Frequently Asked Questions

What are the important topics in Organs of Government : Judiciary for ICSE Class 12 Political Science?
Key topics in Organs of Government : Judiciary include Meaning and Necessity of Judiciary, Modes of Recruitment of Judges, Conditions of Judicial Independence, Judicial Review. Study these first, then practise questions on each for the ICSE Class 12 board exam.
How should I revise Organs of Government : Judiciary for the ICSE Class 12 board exam?
Learn the core ideas first, then work through the 45 practice questions on Organs of Government : Judiciary. Revise definitions regularly and use flashcards for quick recall before the exam.

Sources & Official References

Content is aligned to the official syllabus. Refer to the board website for the latest curriculum.

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