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Franchise and Representation

ICSE · Class 12 · Political Science

Complete topic list for Franchise and Representation in ICSE Class 12 Political Science. Key concepts, sub-topics, and what to focus on for board exams.

45 questions42 flashcards5 concepts

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4 Topics · ICSE Class 12 Political Science

Topics in Franchise and Representation

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1. Universal Adult Franchise

  • Universal adult franchise means the right to vote is given to all adult citizens without discrimination on artificial or unreasonable grounds.
  • Discrimination on the basis of religion, race, caste, creed, wealth, language, domicile, colour of skin, sex, culture, or ideology is not justified.
  • Certain groups may be excluded from voting, such as aliens, non-resident citizens, enemies, heinous criminals, traitors, undischarged insolvents, lunatics, and lepers.
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2. Representation and Theories of Representation

  • Representation is the process through which the attitudes, preferences, viewpoints, and desires of the citizenry are shaped into government action on their behalf by a smaller number among them.
  • Robert von Mohl defined representation as the process through which the influence of the citizenry is exercised on their behalf with binding effect.
  • A. R. Ball classified theories of representation into two categories: liberal-democratic and socialistic or collectivistic.
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3. Role of Representatives

  • Garner pointed out three positions on the proper role of a representative.
  • First, the representative may be treated as a deputy, delegate, or agent of the constituency.
  • Second, the representative may be treated as a representative of the whole state.
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4. First Past the Post System and Proportional Representation

  • First Past the Post system is also called the majority vote system or plurality vote system.
  • Under this system, the candidate with the largest number of votes is declared elected.
  • A candidate may win even without more than 50 percent of the votes polled.

Key Concepts

Central concept: Franchise and Representation in modern democracy

Universal Adult FranchiseRepresentationTheories of RepresentationRole of RepresentativesVarieties of RepresentationParty SystemKinds of Party SystemMerits and Critique of Party Systems

Frequently Asked Questions

What are the important topics in Franchise and Representation for ICSE Class 12 Political Science?
Key topics in Franchise and Representation include Franchise and Representation – Chapter Overview, Franchise and Representation - Concept Overview, Franchise and Representation - Concept Overview. These are the concepts ICSE Class 12 examiners draw on most — study them first, then practise related questions.
How to score full marks in Franchise and Representation — ICSE Class 12 Political Science?
Understand the core concepts first, then work through the 45 practice questions available for this chapter. Revise formulas and definitions regularly, and use flashcards for quick recall before the exam.

Sources & Official References

Content is aligned to the official syllabus. Refer to the board website for the latest curriculum.

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