Atomic Structure
ICSE · Class 7 · Chemistry
Quick revision notes for Atomic Structure — ICSE Class 7 Chemistry. Key concepts, formulas, and definitions for last-minute revision.
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1. Atom and Subatomic Particles
- The word atom comes from atomos, meaning indivisible, coined by Democritus.
- Maharishi Kannada proposed that matter consists of indestructible particles called Paramanus.
- John Dalton suggested in 1808 that the atom is the basic unit of matter.
2. Molecules and Atomicity
- A molecule is the smallest particle of a pure substance that has independent existence.
- A molecule is formed when two or more atoms of the same element or different elements chemically combine.
- Atoms always join in whole numbers to form molecules.
3. Radicals and Their Types
- A radical is an atom of an element or a group of atoms of different elements that behaves as a single unit with a positive or negative charge on it.
- Radicals are also called ions.
- Ions are electrically charged atoms or groups of atoms formed by losing or gaining electrons.
4. Valency and Formula Writing
- Valency is the combining capacity of an element or of a radical.
- Valency can be defined as the number of hydrogen atoms that will combine with or displace one atom of that element or radical.
- Valency of hydrogen is taken as 1.
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