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Syllabus

lnsolation — Syllabus

ICSE · Class 9 · Geography

What lnsolation covers in ICSE Class 9 Geography: 4 topics, for the 2026-27 session. Part of the ICSE Class 9 Geography syllabus.

58 questions36 flashcards2 formulas & key relations5 concepts

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A comparison chart illustrating the key differences between insolation (incoming solar radiation) and terrestrial radiation (outgoing Earth radiation), including their sources, wavelengths, and heatin
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4 Topics · ICSE Class 9 Geography · 2026-27

Topics in lnsolation

1

1. Meaning of Insolation and Solar Energy

  • The Sun is a star of average size and has a surface temperature of about 6000°C.
  • Solar energy travels in the form of rays at a speed of about 30,000 km/sec and takes nearly 8 minutes to reach the Earth.
  • Insolation is the solar radiation intercepted by the Earth.
2

2. Heating of the Atmosphere and Terrestrial Radiation

  • Our atmosphere is not directly heated from the Sun above, but by terrestrial radiation given out by the Earth.
  • There are three main processes by which the Earth’s atmosphere is heated: convection, conduction, and radiation.
  • Convection is the transmission of heat by movement of particles in a liquid or gas.
3

3. Differential Heating of Land and Water

  • Land and water surfaces absorb and give out heat differently.
  • Land surface is rapidly and intensely heated under the Sun’s rays whereas water surface gets moderately heated.
  • Land surface cools off more rapidly than water.
4

4. Factors Affecting Distribution of Temperature

  • The horizontal distribution of temperature is normally determined by latitude.
  • Temperature generally decreases from the Equator towards the poles.
  • Nine factors affect the horizontal distribution of temperature besides latitude alone.

Key Concepts

Central concept: Insolation

SunSolar radiationSolar ConstantTerrestrial RadiationHeating of the atmosphereTemperature distributionLatitudeAltitude

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Frequently Asked Questions

What are the important topics in lnsolation for ICSE Class 9 Geography?
Key topics in lnsolation include Meaning of Insolation and Solar Energy, Heating of the Atmosphere and Terrestrial Radiation, Differential Heating of Land and Water, Factors Affecting Distribution of Temperature. Study these first, then practise questions on each for Class 9 exams.
How should I revise lnsolation for Class 9 exams?
Learn the core ideas first, then work through the 58 practice questions on lnsolation. Revise definitions regularly and use flashcards for quick recall before the exam.

Sources & Official References

Content is aligned to the official syllabus. Refer to the board website for the latest curriculum.

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