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Recent developments in Indian politics — Syllabus

Madhya Pradesh Board · Class 12 · Political Science

What Recent developments in Indian politics covers in Madhya Pradesh Board Class 12 Political Science: 4 topics, for the 2026-27 session.

51 questions70 flashcards5 concepts

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An infographic summarizing the five crucial developments that impacted Indian politics in the 1990s: decline of Congress system, rise of Mandal issue, new economic reforms, Ayodhya dispute, and Rajiv
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4 Topics · Madhya Pradesh Board Class 12 Political Science · 2026-27

Topics in Recent developments in Indian politics

1

1. The end of Congress dominance and the rise of coalition politics

  • Congress won 415 seats in the 1984 Lok Sabha election but was reduced to 197 seats in 1989.
  • The 1989 election marked the end of the 'Congress system'.
  • Rajiv Gandhi became Prime Minister after the assassination of Indira Gandhi and led Congress to a massive victory in 1984.
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2. Mandal politics and the rise of OBC assertion

  • OBC stands for Other Backward Classes, an administrative category distinct from SC and ST.
  • Reservations for OBCs already existed in southern states since the 1960s, but not in north Indian states until later.
  • During the Janata Party government tenure of 1977 to 1979, Karpoori Thakur introduced a new OBC reservation policy in Bihar.
3

3. Dalit politics and the rise of BSP

  • The 1980s also saw the rise of political organisation among Dalits.
  • BAMCEF was formed in 1978.
  • BAMCEF was not an ordinary trade union; it supported political power for the bahujan.
4

4. New economic reforms and structural adjustment

  • The economic policy of various governments took a radically different turn in this period.
  • This shift is known as the structural adjustment programme or the new economic reforms.
  • Rajiv Gandhi started these reforms.

Key Concepts

Central concept: Political change in India since 1989: decline of Congress dominance, rise of coalition politics, OBC mobilization, economic reforms, communal politics, and a new political consensus

End of Congress systemCoalition politicsMandal issueOBC political riseDalit politics and BSPNew economic reformsCommunal politics and HindutvaAyodhya issue

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Frequently Asked Questions

What are the important topics in Recent developments in Indian politics for Madhya Pradesh Board Class 12 Political Science?
Key topics in Recent developments in Indian politics include The end of Congress dominance and the rise of coalition politics, Mandal politics and the rise of OBC assertion, Dalit politics and the rise of BSP, New economic reforms and structural adjustment. Study these first, then practise questions on each for the Madhya Pradesh Board Class 12 board exam.
How should I revise Recent developments in Indian politics for the Madhya Pradesh Board Class 12 board exam?
Learn the core ideas first, then work through the 51 practice questions on Recent developments in Indian politics. Revise definitions regularly and use flashcards for quick recall before the exam.

Sources & Official References

Content is aligned to the official syllabus. Refer to the board website for the latest curriculum.

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