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India’s external relations — Syllabus

Madhya Pradesh Board · Class 12 · Political Science

What India’s external relations covers in Madhya Pradesh Board Class 12 Political Science: 4 topics, for the 2026-27 session.

46 questions92 flashcards5 concepts

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A diagram illustrating the various internal (domestic) and external (international) factors that shaped India's foreign policy immediately after independence.
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4 Topics · Madhya Pradesh Board Class 12 Political Science · 2026-27

Topics in India’s external relations

1

International Context and Constitutional Basis

  • India became independent in a difficult global setting: the Second World War had just ended, the world was facing reconstruction, decolonisation was creating new states, and Cold War blocs were dividi
  • India’s foreign policy aimed to respect the sovereignty of all nations and to achieve security through peace.
  • Article 51 of the Indian Constitution lays down the State’s duty to promote international peace and security.
2

Nehru and the Policy of Non-Alignment

  • Jawaharlal Nehru was both Prime Minister and Foreign Minister, and he influenced foreign policy from 1946 to 1964.
  • He was a co-founder of the Non-Aligned Movement.
  • Nehru’s three major foreign policy objectives were sovereignty, territorial integrity, and rapid economic development.
3

Afro-Asian Unity and the Role of Bandung

  • India’s national movement was linked with the wider struggle against colonialism and imperialism.
  • Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose created the Indian National Army during the Second World War, showing links between India and overseas Indians.
  • India convened the Asian Relations Conference in March 1947, before Independence.
4

India and China: Friendship, Tibet, and Conflict

  • India and China began their relationship on a friendly note after the Chinese revolution of 1949.
  • For a long time, the Chinese border was guarded by para-military forces, not the army.
  • China took over control of Tibet in 1950.

Key Concepts

Central concept: India’s foreign policy after Independence shaped by sovereignty, non-alignment, peace, regional conflicts, and changing world politics

International context after IndependenceNehru’s roleArticle 51Non-alignmentAfro-Asian unity and NAMRelations with ChinaRelations with PakistanIndia’s nuclear policy

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Frequently Asked Questions

What are the important topics in India’s external relations for Madhya Pradesh Board Class 12 Political Science?
Key topics in India’s external relations include International Context and Constitutional Basis, Nehru and the Policy of Non-Alignment, Afro-Asian Unity and the Role of Bandung, India and China: Friendship, Tibet, and Conflict. Study these first, then practise questions on each for the Madhya Pradesh Board Class 12 board exam.
How should I revise India’s external relations for the Madhya Pradesh Board Class 12 board exam?
Learn the core ideas first, then work through the 46 practice questions on India’s external relations. Revise definitions regularly and use flashcards for quick recall before the exam.

Sources & Official References

Content is aligned to the official syllabus. Refer to the board website for the latest curriculum.

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