Challenges to and restoration of the congress system
Madhya Pradesh Board · Class 12 · Political Science
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Challenge of political succession
- Jawaharlal Nehru died in May 1964 after being unwell for more than a year.
- His death raised two questions: who would succeed him, and whether India’s democratic experiment would survive a leadership change.
- K. Kamraj, as Congress president, consulted party leaders and MPs and found consensus for Lal Bahadur Shastri.
From Shastri to Indira Gandhi
- After Shastri’s death, Congress faced competition between Morarji Desai and Indira Gandhi.
- Indira Gandhi was Nehru’s daughter, a former Congress president, and Union Minister for Information in Shastri’s cabinet.
- Morarji Desai had earlier served as Chief Minister of Bombay state and later held central positions.
Fourth general elections, 1967
- The fourth general elections were held in February 1967.
- The Congress was facing the electorate for the first time without Nehru.
- The election took place in a climate of economic distress, shortages, protests, and public unrest.
Non-Congressism, coalitions and state politics
- Opposition parties saw that their votes were split and that Congress benefited from this division.
- Ram Manohar Lohia named the strategy of joining anti-Congress forces 'non-Congressism'.
- Lohia argued that Congress rule was undemocratic and that non-Congress parties should come together to reclaim democracy.
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Central concept: Challenges to and restoration of the Congress system in India after Nehru
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