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Patterns of Social Inequality and Exclusion — Syllabus

Madhya Pradesh Board · Class 12 · Sociology

What Patterns of Social Inequality and Exclusion covers in Madhya Pradesh Board Class 12 Sociology: 4 topics, for the 2026-27 session.

50 questions80 flashcards5 concepts

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An infographic illustrating the three forms of capital (economic, cultural, social) and how unequal access to these resources leads to social inequality. Show examples for each type of capital.
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4 Topics · Madhya Pradesh Board Class 12 Sociology · 2026-27

Topics in Patterns of Social Inequality and Exclusion

1

1. Social inequality: the social basis

  • Social inequality is about unequal access to valued resources such as money, property, education, health, and power.
  • Social resources can be understood as three forms of capital: economic capital, cultural capital, and social capital.
  • Social stratification is a system in which categories of people are ranked in a hierarchy.
2

2. Caste, untouchability, and state action

  • The caste system is a distinct social institution that legitimises and enforces discrimination against people born into particular castes.
  • Caste discrimination is humiliating, exclusionary, and exploitative.
  • Historically, caste linked occupation with birth and ranked people by social status.
3

3. Adivasi struggles and identity

  • Adivasis are recognised by the Constitution of India.
  • The term Adivasi means original inhabitants.
  • The term Adivasi was coined in the 1930s as part of the struggle against colonial intrusion and outside settlers.
4

4. Gender inequality and women’s reform movements

  • Gender inequality is social, not natural.
  • There are no biological reasons that explain why women hold fewer positions of public power or receive a smaller share of family property.
  • Matrilineal societies such as the Nairs of Kerala and the Khasis of Meghalaya show that gender relations can be organised differently.

Key Concepts

Central concept: Social inequality and exclusion as structured patterns in Indian society

Social inequalitySocial stratificationPrejudiceStereotypesDiscriminationSocial exclusionCaste systemUntouchability

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Frequently Asked Questions

What are the important topics in Patterns of Social Inequality and Exclusion for Madhya Pradesh Board Class 12 Sociology?
Key topics in Patterns of Social Inequality and Exclusion include Social inequality: the social basis, Caste, untouchability, and state action, Adivasi struggles and identity, Gender inequality and women’s reform movements. Study these first, then practise questions on each for the Madhya Pradesh Board Class 12 board exam.
How should I revise Patterns of Social Inequality and Exclusion for the Madhya Pradesh Board Class 12 board exam?
Learn the core ideas first, then work through the 50 practice questions on Patterns of Social Inequality and Exclusion. Revise definitions regularly and use flashcards for quick recall before the exam.

Sources & Official References

Content is aligned to the official syllabus. Refer to the board website for the latest curriculum.

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