Carbon and its Compounds

Covalent bonds form when atoms share

Covalent bonds form when atoms share pairs of electrons to achieve noble gas configuration. Unlike ionic bonds that transfer electrons, covalent bonds

Allotropes are different forms of

Allotropes are different forms of the same element with different physical properties but similar chemical properties. Carbon has several important al

Catenation is carbon's unique ability

Catenation is carbon's unique ability to form strong bonds with other carbon atoms, creating long chains, branched chains, and ring structures. This p

Saturated compounds contain only single bonds

Saturated compounds contain only single bonds between carbon atoms (like alkanes: methane CH₄, ethane C₂H₆, propane C₃H₈). They follow the general for

Structural isomers are compounds with

Structural isomers are compounds with the same molecular formula but different structural arrangements. For example, butane (C₄H₁₀) has two isomers: s