Principles of Metallurgy
Telangana Board · Class 10 · Physical Sciences
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What is metallurgy?
Answer
Metallurgy is the process of extraction of metals from their ores. It includes the complete process from obtaining ore to getting pure metal ready for use.
What is the difference between minerals and ores?
Answer
Minerals are elements or compounds of metals that occur naturally in the earth's crust. Ores are minerals from which metals can be extracted economically and conveniently without loss. All ores are mi…
Name three metals that are found in nature in free state and explain why.
Answer
Gold (Au), Silver (Ag), and Copper (Cu) are found in nature in free state because they are least reactive metals and do not easily combine with other elements.
What are the three main stages of metal extraction from ores?
Answer
1. Concentration or Dressing of the ore 2. Extraction of crude metal from concentrated ore 3. Refining or purification of the crude metal…
What is gangue and how is it removed?
Answer
Gangue refers to the impurities present in the ore such as soil and sand. It is removed during the concentration/dressing process using methods like hand picking, washing, froth flotation, and magneti…
Explain the froth flotation method.
Answer
Froth flotation is used mainly for sulphide ores. The ore is finely powdered and mixed with water containing pine oil in a flotation cell. Compressed air creates froth. Sulphide ore particles (which d…
Arrange these metals in decreasing order of reactivity: Al, Au, Fe, K, Mg, Zn
Answer
K > Mg > Al > Zn > Fe > Au This is based on the activity series where K is most reactive and Au is least reactive.
How are highly reactive metals (K, Na, Ca, Mg, Al) extracted from their ores?
Answer
Highly reactive metals are extracted by electrolysis of their molten compounds (fused salts). Example: Na is extracted by electrolysis of molten NaCl. At Cathode: 2Na⁺ + 2e⁻ → 2Na At Anode: 2Cl⁻ → Cl₂…
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