Chemical Bonding

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A chemical bond is the force of attraction between any two atoms or a group of atoms that results in a stable entity.

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Atoms combine to attain a stable outer shell, usually an octet. Noble gas-like stability is the main reason behind bond formation.

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The atoms of elements tend to undergo chemical changes that help to leave their atoms with eight outer-shell electrons.

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Helium is stable with only 2 electrons because its single shell is completely filled. This is called a duplet, not an octet.

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Group IA metals lose one valence electron to form uni-positive ions. For example, sodium loses one electron and becomes Na+ with electronic configuration 2,8.

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Group VIIA non-metals gain one electron to form uni-negative ions with octet configuration. For example, chlorine gains one electron to become Cl- with configuration 2,8,8.

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An ionic bond is the electrostatic attractive force that keeps a cation and an anion together to form a new electrically neutral compound.

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Sodium loses one electron and chlorine gains that electron. The ions formed are Na+ and Cl-. They attract each other to form NaCl. Equation: Na(s) + (1/2) Cl2(g) → NaCl(s).