Dual Nature of Radiation and Matter — Flashcards
Tamil Nadu Board · Class 12 · Physics
32 flashcards for Dual Nature of Radiation and Matter (Tamil Nadu Board Class 12 Physics) to test yourself on key terms and facts.
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What is electron emission and what is the work function?
Answer
Electron emission is the liberation of electrons from any surface of a substance when energy is supplied. Work function (φ₀) is the minimum energy needed for an electron to escape from a metal surface…
Convert 1 eV to joules and explain what it represents.
Answer
1 eV = 1.602 × 10⁻¹⁹ J. One electron volt is the kinetic energy gained by an electron when accelerated through a potential difference of 1 volt. Calculation: 1 eV = qV = (1.602 × 10⁻¹⁹ C)(1 V) = 1.602…
List the four types of electron emission and give an example for each.
Answer
1. Thermionic emission: Electrons emitted when metal is heated (cathode ray tubes, X-ray tubes). 2. Field emission: Electrons emitted under strong electric field (field emission microscopes). 3. Photo…
A metal plate needs 3.5 eV of energy to release electrons. If the maximum kinetic energy of free electrons inside is 0.8 eV, what is the work function?
Answer
Work function = Energy needed to overcome barrier - Maximum kinetic energy of free electrons. φ₀ = 3.5 eV - 0.8 eV = 2.7 eV. The work function represents the net additional energy required for an elec…
What did Hertz observe in his electromagnetic wave detection experiment that led to the discovery of photoelectric effect?
Answer
When ultraviolet light was incident on the metallic spheres in his detector, the spark became more vigorous. This was unexpected because the light should have only improved wave detection, not affecte…
How did Hallwachs' experiment demonstrate that ultraviolet light causes emission of negatively charged particles?
Answer
Hallwachs used a zinc plate on an electroscope and exposed it to UV light. Key observations: (1) Uncharged plate became positively charged when irradiated. (2) Negatively charged plate lost its charge…
State the relationship between photocurrent and intensity of incident light.
Answer
Photocurrent (I) is directly proportional to the intensity of incident light (I₀): I ∝ I₀. This means that when light intensity increases, the number of photons per unit area per unit time increases, …
What is stopping potential and how is it related to maximum kinetic energy of photoelectrons?
Answer
Stopping potential (V₀) is the negative (retarding) potential that just stops the most energetic photoelectrons, making the photocurrent zero. The maximum kinetic energy of photoelectrons equals the w…
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