Recent Developments in Physics — Flashcards
Tamil Nadu Board · Class 12 · Physics
34 flashcards for Recent Developments in Physics (Tamil Nadu Board Class 12 Physics) to test yourself on key terms and facts.
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What is the definition of nanoscience and what does 'nano' represent in terms of measurement?
Answer
Nanoscience is the study of structures and materials at the nanometer scale. 'Nano' means one-billionth of a meter, represented as 10⁻⁹ m. At this scale, materials exhibit dramatically different mecha…
Distinguish between a nanoparticle and a bulk particle based on size.
Answer
A nanoparticle is a solid with particle size less than 100 nm (0.1 micrometers). A bulk particle has size exceeding 100 nm. Despite having identical chemical composition, nano and bulk forms show stri…
Calculate the diameter in nanometers of a particle that is 0.00005 mm across. Is this a nanoparticle?
Answer
Step 1: Convert 0.00005 mm to meters: 0.00005 mm = 5 × 10⁻⁸ m = 50 × 10⁻⁹ m = 50 nm Step 2: Compare with 100 nm threshold: 50 nm < 100 nm Step 3: Conclusion: Yes, this is a nanoparticle because its di…
What are the two main phenomena that govern properties of materials at nanoscale?
Answer
The two main phenomena are: (1) Quantum confinement effects - at extremely small sizes, electrons are confined in smaller spaces, changing their energy levels and behavior; (2) Surface effects - the d…
Name two natural nanostructures found in living organisms and their functions.
Answer
Two natural nanostructures: (1) DNA - approximately 3 nanometers wide, serves as the biological blueprint for life and genetic information storage; (2) Lotus leaf surface nanostructures - nanometer-sc…
What are the two main approaches for synthesizing nanoparticles? Define each.
Answer
Top-Down Approach: Breaking down bulk solids into nano-sized particles. Methods include ball milling, sol-gel techniques, and lithography. Example: Grinding a large material sample progressively small…
A lab produces ZnO nanoparticles using the bottom-up approach at a rate of 2.5 grams per hour. How many kilograms can be produced in a 40-hour work week?
Answer
Step 1: Calculate total grams produced: 2.5 g/hour × 40 hours = 100 grams Step 2: Convert grams to kilograms: 100 g ÷ 1000 g/kg = 0.1 kg Answer: 0.1 kg (or 100 grams) of ZnO nanoparticles can be produ…
List five major application fields of nanotechnology in modern industries.
Answer
Five major application fields: (1) Electronics - data memory, displays, laser diodes, optical switches; (2) Medicine - drug delivery systems, contrast agents, cancer therapy, implants; (3) Materials &…
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