Electrostatics — Flashcards
Tamil Nadu Board · Class 12 · Physics
25 flashcards for Electrostatics (Tamil Nadu Board Class 12 Physics) to test yourself on key terms and facts. Sample: "Two point charges of +2 μC and +3.
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Two point charges of +2 μC and +3 μC are separated by 1 m in vacuum. Calculate the electrostatic force between them using Coulomb's law.
Answer
Using Coulomb's law: F = k(q₁q₂)/r² Given: - q₁ = +2 × 10⁻⁶ C - q₂ = +3 × 10⁻⁶ C - r = 1 m - k = 9 × 10⁹ N·m²/C² Step 1: F = (9 × 10⁹ × 2 × 10⁻⁶ × 3 × 10⁻⁶) / 1² Step 2: F = (9 × 10⁹ × 6 × 10⁻¹²) / …
State Coulomb's Law in vector form and explain each term. What does the law tell us about like and unlike charges?
Answer
Coulomb's Law (Vector Form): F⃗₂₁ = (1/4πε₀) × (q₁q₂/r²) × r̂₁₂ Terms: - F⃗₂₁ = Force on charge q₂ due to q₁ - k = 1/4πε₀ = 9 × 10⁹ N·m²/C² - q₁, q₂ = Point charges in coulombs (C) - r = Distance bet…
Why is the electrostatic force between a proton and electron (~10⁻⁷ N) so much greater than the gravitational force (~10⁻⁴⁷ N) even though Earth pulls objects downward? Give a real-world example.
Answer
The electrostatic force is approximately 10³⁹ times stronger than gravitational force at atomic scales! Reason: 1. Coulomb's constant k = 9 × 10⁹ N·m²/C² is HUGE 2. Gravitational constant G = 6.67 × …
Four equal charges of +1 μC are placed at the four corners of a square of side 1 m. Find the net force on the charge at one corner due to the other three charges.
Answer
Setup: Charge at corner P experiences forces from three other charges at Q, R, S Forces Analysis: - Distance PQ = 1 m (adjacent side) - Distance PR = √2 m (diagonal) - Distance PS = 1 m (adjacent sid…
Calculate the electric field at a point P located 2 m from a point charge of +5 μC in vacuum.
Answer
Using Electric Field Formula: E = kq/r² Given: - q = +5 × 10⁻⁶ C - r = 2 m - k = 9 × 10⁹ N·m²/C² Step 1: E = (9 × 10⁹ × 5 × 10⁻⁶) / 2² Step 2: E = (45 × 10³) / 4 Step 3: E = 11.25 × 10³ N/C = 1.125 …
How does the electric field concept help explain 'action at a distance' in electrostatics? Why do we need the field concept?
Answer
The Field Concept Solution: Problem with Direct Coulomb's Law: - How does charge q₁ exert force on q₂ when separated by distance r? - What is the mechanism of 'action at a distance'? - How does the f…
Calculate the electric potential at a point 0.5 m from a point charge of +2 μC in vacuum.
Answer
Using Electric Potential Formula: V = kq/r Given: - q = +2 × 10⁻⁶ C - r = 0.5 m - k = 9 × 10⁹ N·m²/C² Step 1: V = (9 × 10⁹ × 2 × 10⁻⁶) / 0.5 Step 2: V = (18 × 10³) / 0.5 Step 3: V = 36 × 10³ V = 3.6…
State the relationship between electric field and electric potential. How can we determine E from V?
Answer
Relationship between E and V: Mathematical Formula: E = -dV/dr (in one dimension) E⃗ = -∇V = -(∂V/∂x î + ∂V/∂y ĵ + ∂V/∂z k̂) Meaning: - Electric field is the NEGATIVE GRADIENT of potential - E point…
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