Earth Movements-endogenic Forces Earthquakes & Volcanoes, Exogenic forces :weathering and erosion. Theories Isostasy, Continental drift & Plate
Telangana Open School (TOSS) · Class 12 · Geography
Complete topic list for Earth Movements-endogenic Forces Earthquakes & Volcanoes, Exogenic forces :weathering and erosion. Theories Isostasy, Continental drift & Plate in Telangana Open School (TOSS) Class 12 Geography. Key concepts, sub-topics, and what to focus on for board exams.
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Topics in Earth Movements-endogenic Forces Earthquakes & Volcanoes, Exogenic forces :weathering and erosion. Theories Isostasy, Continental drift & Plate
Endogenic Movements
- Endogenic forces originate from within the Earth and cause movements in the crust.
- They are classified into diastrophic (slow) and sudden movements.
- Diastrophic movements include epeirogenic (vertical) and orogenic (horizontal) movements.
Sudden Movements: Earthquakes and Volcanoes
- Earthquakes are sudden tremors caused by release of stress along faults or plate boundaries.
- Focus (hypocenter) is the point inside Earth where quake starts; epicenter is directly above on surface.
- Most earthquakes occur at plate margins due to tectonic activity.
Exogenic Movements: Weathering and Erosion
- Exogenic forces act on the Earth's surface and include weathering and erosion.
- Weathering breaks down rocks in place; erosion transports the broken material.
- Three types of weathering: physical (mechanical), chemical, and biological.
Theories of Earth Movements
- Isostasy explains the balance between Earth's crust and mantle.
- Airy’s model suggests mountains have deep roots like icebergs; Pratt’s model proposes varying densities with uniform depth.
- Continental Drift Theory by Wegener proposed that continents were once joined in Pangaea and drifted apart.
Key Concepts
Central concept: Earth Movements
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