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Earth Movements-endogenic Forces Earthquakes & Volcanoes, Exogenic forces :weathering and erosion. Theories Isostasy, Continental drift & Plate — Syllabus

Telangana Open School (TOSS) · Class 12 · Geography

What Earth Movements-endogenic Forces Earthquakes & Volcanoes, Exogenic forces :weathering and erosion. Theories Isostasy, Continental drift & Plate.

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4 Topics · Telangana Open School (TOSS) Class 12 Geography · 2026-27

Topics in Earth Movements-endogenic Forces Earthquakes & Volcanoes, Exogenic forces :weathering and erosion. Theories Isostasy, Continental drift & Plate

1

Endogenic Movements

  • Endogenic forces originate from within the Earth and cause movements in the crust.
  • They are classified into diastrophic (slow) and sudden movements.
  • Diastrophic movements include epeirogenic (vertical) and orogenic (horizontal) movements.
2

Sudden Movements: Earthquakes and Volcanoes

  • Earthquakes are sudden tremors caused by release of stress along faults or plate boundaries.
  • Focus (hypocenter) is the point inside Earth where quake starts; epicenter is directly above on surface.
  • Most earthquakes occur at plate margins due to tectonic activity.
3

Exogenic Movements: Weathering and Erosion

  • Exogenic forces act on the Earth's surface and include weathering and erosion.
  • Weathering breaks down rocks in place; erosion transports the broken material.
  • Three types of weathering: physical (mechanical), chemical, and biological.
4

Theories of Earth Movements

  • Isostasy explains the balance between Earth's crust and mantle.
  • Airy’s model suggests mountains have deep roots like icebergs; Pratt’s model proposes varying densities with uniform depth.
  • Continental Drift Theory by Wegener proposed that continents were once joined in Pangaea and drifted apart.

Key Concepts

Central concept: Earth Movements

Endogenic ForcesExogenic ForcesIsostasyContinental Drift TheoryPlate TectonicsEarthquakesVolcanoes

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Frequently Asked Questions

What are the important topics in Earth Movements-endogenic Forces Earthquakes & Volcanoes, Exogenic forces :weathering and erosion. Theories Isostasy, Continental drift & Plate for Telangana Open School (TOSS) Class 12 Geography?
Key topics in Earth Movements-endogenic Forces Earthquakes & Volcanoes, Exogenic forces :weathering and erosion. Theories Isostasy, Continental drift & Plate include Endogenic Movements, Sudden Movements: Earthquakes and Volcanoes, Exogenic Movements: Weathering and Erosion, Theories of Earth Movements. Study these first, then practise questions on each for the Telangana Open School (TOSS) Class 12 board exam.
How should I revise Earth Movements-endogenic Forces Earthquakes & Volcanoes, Exogenic forces :weathering and erosion. Theories Isostasy, Continental drift & Plate for the Telangana Open School (TOSS) Class 12 board exam?
Learn the core ideas first, then work through the 55 practice questions on Earth Movements-endogenic Forces Earthquakes & Volcanoes, Exogenic forces :weathering and erosion. Theories Isostasy, Continental drift & Plate. Revise definitions regularly and use flashcards for quick recall before the exam.

Sources & Official References

Content is aligned to the official syllabus. Refer to the board website for the latest curriculum.

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