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India Since 7th century CE And After: Emergence Of Ruling Families And Rise Of Emperor Harshavardhan

Telangana Open School (TOSS) · Class 12 · History

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Key Topics to Revise

1

Political Scenario After the Guptas

  • The Gupta Empire's decline led to the rise of regional powers like the Maukharis, Maitrakas, Gaudas, Gurjaras, and Pushyabhutis.
  • These ruling families were originally subordinates but declared independence after the Guptas weakened.
  • North India became a battleground of regional kingdoms competing for dominance.
2

Rise of Emperor Harshavardhan

  • Harshavardhan belonged to the Pushyabhuti dynasty of Thanesar.
  • He became king in 606 CE after the death of his brother Rajyavardhana and sister Rajyasri's husband.
  • Harsha expanded his empire from Punjab in the west to Bengal in the east, and up to the Narmada in the south.
3

Administration and Society Under Harsha

  • Harsha's empire was divided into Bhuktis (provinces), Vishayas (districts), and villages as the smallest unit.
  • Land revenue (Bhoga) was 1/6th of the produce, collected in kind.
  • Other sources of income included Hiranya (cash), Bali (tribute), sales tax, and tolls.
4

Religious and Cultural Developments

  • Harsha initially followed Shaivism but later became a patron of Buddhism.
  • He organized religious assemblies every five years to distribute charity and promote interfaith harmony.
  • He supported Buddhist institutions and built stupas in Buddha's name.

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Key Concepts

The Gupta Empire weakened inSeveral dynasties such as the MaitrakasHarshavardhanHarsha's empire was divided into provincesThough initially a Shaivite

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Sources & Official References

Content is aligned to the official syllabus. Refer to the board website for the latest curriculum.

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