Thermodynamics

Answer

Heat is a form of energy transferred between two systems or a system and its surroundings due to a temperature difference. It flows from a body at higher temperature to a body at lower temperature. Th…

Answer

The Zeroth Law states that if two systems A and B are separately in thermal equilibrium with a third system C, then A and B are also in thermal equilibrium with each other. This implies they have the …

Answer

A thermodynamic system is a specified amount of matter separated from its surroundings by a boundary. - Open system: Exchanges both mass and energy with surroundings. Example: Water heater. - Closed …

Answer

An indicator diagram is a plot of pressure (P) vs volume (V) for a thermodynamic process. Work done by the gas during expansion: ΔW = PΔV For small expansion, ΔW = P dV Total work W = ∫P dV from V₁ …

Answer

Given: Initial volume, V₁ = 0.5 m³ Final volume, V₂ = 1.2 m³ Pressure, P = 200 kPa = 2 × 10⁵ Pa For isobaric process, W = P(V₂ - V₁) W = 2 × 10⁵ × (1.2 - 0.5) W = 2 × 10⁵ × 0.7 W = 1.4 × 10⁵ J Answer…

Answer

Internal energy (U) is the total energy stored within a system due to molecular motion and interactions. Components: 1. Internal kinetic energy: Due to random motion of molecules. 2. Internal potenti…

Answer

The First Law of Thermodynamics states that the change in internal energy of a system (ΔU) is equal to the heat supplied to the system (ΔQ) minus the work done by the system (ΔW). Mathematically: ΔU …

Answer

Given: ΔQ = +800 J (heat absorbed) ΔW = +300 J (work done by system) Using First Law: ΔU = ΔQ - ΔW ΔU = 800 - 300 = 500 J The internal energy increases by 500 J.