Going Beyond the Reality : Thinking and Reasoning

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Thinking is a complex cognitive process involving the organization of concepts or ideas. It includes forming mental images, using concepts, and reasoning to solve problems or derive new insights. For …

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The three main mental structures are: 1) Concepts – mental categories for objects or ideas, 2) Schemas – complex frameworks made of multiple concepts (like self-schema), and 3) Mental images – visual …

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A concept is a general idea that represents a class of objects or events with common features. Concepts can be concrete (e.g., table, dog) or abstract (e.g., justice, honesty). They are building block…

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Children first generalize the word 'dog' to all small animals, like cats. Through experience and correction, they learn to discriminate and refine the concept. Eventually, they recognize different bre…

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The two processes are: 1) Abstraction – identifying essential features of objects while ignoring irrelevant ones, and 2) Generalization – applying the abstracted feature to similar objects. For exampl…

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A schema is a complex mental structure made up of many related concepts. For example, your 'self-schema' includes beliefs about yourself like being hardworking, intelligent, or friendly. Schemas help …

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An example is the 'school schema' – it includes concepts like classroom, teacher, books, exams, and rules. This schema helps a child understand what to expect when going to school, even if they haven'…

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Mental images are sensory experiences in the mind without the actual object being present. For example, picturing your home or hearing a song in your head. These images play a key role in thinking and…