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Earth as a System : Energy, Matter, and Life — Syllabus

CBSE · Class 9 · Science

What Earth as a System : Energy, Matter, and Life covers in CBSE Class 9 Science: 4 topics, for the 2026-27 session.

71 questions76 flashcards4 formulas & key relations5 concepts

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4 Topics · CBSE Class 9 Science · 2026-27

Topics in Earth as a System : Energy, Matter, and Life

1

1. Earth as an Interconnected System

  • Earth has five interacting spheres: geosphere, hydrosphere, cryosphere, atmosphere, and biosphere.
  • Geosphere includes solid rocks, soil, landforms such as the Deccan plateau and the Thar desert, and the Earth’s interior.
  • Hydrosphere includes liquid water such as oceans, rivers like the Ganga–Brahmaputra system, lakes, and groundwater.
2

2. Uneven Heating of the Earth

  • Solar radiation is the main source of energy on Earth.
  • Solar radiation reaches Earth as electromagnetic waves.
  • Electromagnetic waves travel through vacuum at the speed of light.
3

3. Atmosphere and Its Layers

  • The atmosphere is held around Earth by gravity.
  • It consists mainly of nitrogen (78%) and oxygen (21%), with small amounts of other gases.
  • Most weather phenomena occur in the troposphere.
4

4. Winds, Local Winds, and Ocean Currents

  • Uneven heating of Earth causes pressure differences, which move air and water.
  • Wind is air moving from high pressure to low pressure.
  • Local winds include valley breeze and mountain breeze.

Key Concepts

Central concept: Earth functions as one connected system in which energy and matter move continuously across the geosphere, hydrosphere, cryosphere, atmosphere, and biosphere.

Earth spheresSolar energyAlbedo and surface heatingAtmosphereWinds and ocean currentsBiogeochemical cyclesHuman impactIndian scientific contributions

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Frequently Asked Questions

What are the important topics in Earth as a System : Energy, Matter, and Life for CBSE Class 9 Science?
Key topics in Earth as a System : Energy, Matter, and Life include Earth as an Interconnected System, Uneven Heating of the Earth, Atmosphere and Its Layers, Winds, Local Winds, and Ocean Currents. Study these first, then practise questions on each for Class 9 exams.
How should I revise Earth as a System : Energy, Matter, and Life for Class 9 exams?
Learn the core ideas first, then work through the 71 practice questions on Earth as a System : Energy, Matter, and Life. Revise definitions regularly and use flashcards for quick recall before the exam.

Sources & Official References

Content is aligned to the official syllabus. Refer to the board website for the latest curriculum.

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