Genetics — Flashcards

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Heredity is the inheritance of species and parental characteristics from one generation to the next. It explains why young ones resemble their parents and members of the same species share common feat…

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Variations are differences in characteristics among individuals of the same species. They may be acquired or somatogenic, caused by environmental factors, or blastogenic, caused by inheritance of slig…

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Genetics is the branch of biology that deals with the mechanism of heredity and variations. It studies how traits are passed on and why individuals differ from one another.

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Gregor Johann Mendel is called the father of Genetics because he discovered the basic principles of genetics through hybridization experiments on Pisum sativum, the garden pea.

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Pisum sativum was selected because it is an annual plant, has many easily detectable contrasting characters, and can both self-pollinate and be cross-pollinated. These features made it suitable for hy…

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A gene is a segment of DNA on a chromosome that determines the appearance of a particular character. It is the basic unit of heredity and occupies a specific locus on a chromosome.

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An allele is an alternative form of a gene that occupies the same locus on homologous chromosomes. Alleles may be dominant or recessive, such as the contrasting forms involved in tall and dwarf stem h…

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A dominant allele expresses itself in both homozygous and heterozygous conditions. A recessive allele expresses itself only in homozygous condition. In a heterozygous pair, the dominant allele masks t…