Genetics
ICSE · Class 10 · Biology
Flashcards for Genetics — ICSE Class 10 Biology. Quick Q&A cards covering key concepts, definitions, and formulas.
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See them allWhat is heredity?
Answer
Heredity is the inheritance of both species and parental characteristics from one generation to the next. It explains why organisms produce offspring of their own kind while showing some variations.
Define genetics and explain its scope.
Answer
Genetics is the branch of biology that deals with the mechanism of heredity and variations. It studies how characters are transferred from parents to offspring through genes and chromosomes.
What are the two types of variations? Explain each.
Answer
1. Acquired or Somatogenic variations - caused by environmental factors 2. Blastogenic variations - caused by inheritance of variable genetic material from parents. These are heritable variations.
What are chromosomes and what do they carry?
Answer
Chromosomes are thread-like structures present in the nucleus that transfer characters from one generation to the next. They carry units of hereditary factors called genes. They exist as chromatin ret…
Differentiate between diploid and haploid conditions.
Answer
Diploid (2n): Chromosomes occur in pairs (homologous pairs). Found in somatic cells of higher organisms. Haploid (n): Chromosomes are unpaired. Found in gametes and some lower organisms.
What are alleles? Give an example.
Answer
Alleles are alternative forms of a gene for the same character. They occupy the same locus on homologous chromosomes. Example: For height, one chromosome may carry the gene for tallness (T) while the …
Distinguish between autosomes and sex chromosomes.
Answer
Autosomes: Control various body characters but have no genes for sexual characteristics. Similar in males and females. Sex chromosomes (X and Y): Determine the sex of an individual. Different in males…
Explain the mechanism of sex determination in humans.
Answer
Males have XY chromosomes and produce two types of sperms: (22+X) and (22+Y) in equal proportion. Females have XX chromosomes and produce only one type of ova: (22+X). The sex of the child depends on …
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