Photosynthesis

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Photosynthesis is an anabolic process in which green plants prepare food, mainly glucose, from carbon dioxide and water in the presence of sunlight and chlorophyll. It also releases oxygen.

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6 CO2 + 12 H2O --Sunlight, Chlorophyll--> C6H12O6 + 6 H2O + 6 O2 ↑. Carbon dioxide and water are converted into glucose, water, and oxygen using sunlight and chlorophyll.

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Leaves are called the photosynthetic organ because photosynthesis is carried out mainly by leaves. Their large surface area, thin shape, stomata, veins, and chloroplast-rich cells help them trap light…

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Leaves are flat and thin, which helps absorb maximum light and allows short diffusion distance for carbon dioxide. They have dense veins for transport, many stomata for gas exchange, and palisade cell…

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Palisade cells are elongated cells just below the upper epidermis. They are closely packed, have almost no intercellular space, and contain many chloroplasts arranged to receive maximum light. This ma…

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Spongy mesophyll cells are irregularly shaped cells found between the palisade layer and the lower epidermis. They have fewer chloroplasts than palisade cells, but large air spaces between them allow …

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A chloroplast is a biconvex disc-like organelle bounded by a double unit membrane. Its inner aqueous matrix is called stroma. In the stroma, grana are present, and each granum is made of thylakoids. A…

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The light reaction occurs in the grana of the chloroplast and is light-dependent. The dark reaction occurs in the stroma and is light-independent.