Circulatory System of Man

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A multicellular body needs a transport system because every cell is not in direct contact with the external environment. The system supplies oxygen, nutrients, and other vital materials to cells, remo…

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Blood is a fluid connective tissue. It is made of a liquid part called plasma and formed elements such as red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets.

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Normal blood volume is about 4.5 to 5.5 litres in a woman and 5 to 6 litres in a man. Blood is slightly alkaline with pH 7.4, and its specific gravity is 1.05 to 1.06.

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Plasma is the whole blood minus the formed elements floating in it. It is about 55% of total blood volume, transparent, alkaline, straw-coloured fluid with about 92% water and 8% solids. Serum is plas…

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Albumin maintains osmotic pressure of blood. Globulin helps in transport of substances and antibody formation. Fibrinogen and prothrombin help in blood clotting.

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Red blood cells, also called erythrocytes, are biconcave blood cells containing haemoglobin. Mature RBCs in mammals including man are enucleated, which helps them remain biconcave. They transport oxyg…

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The biconcave shape provides a larger surface area for diffusion of oxygen and carbon dioxide. It also helps RBCs pass easily through tiny capillaries.

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Normal adult RBC count is about 5 million per cubic mm in males and about 4.5 million per cubic mm in females. Normal adult blood contains approximately 15 gm of haemoglobin per 100 ml of blood.