Excretory System

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Excretion is the removal of metabolic wastes from the cells or the body of an organism. It helps the body get rid of unwanted products formed during life processes and keeps the internal environment s…

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Kidneys are the chief excretory organs of man and other vertebrates because they remove nitrogenous wastes, especially urea and uric acid, along with excess water and salts from the blood.

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The human excretory system consists of two kidneys, two ureters, one urinary bladder and one urethra.

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Each kidney is bean-shaped with a concavity called hilum on its inner border. Kidneys are present in the abdominal cavity below the diaphragm, one on either side of the vertebral column. The right kid…

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The hilum is the concavity on the inner border of the kidney, almost in the middle. Blood vessels and lymphatics enter and leave the kidney at the hilum, and the ureter also emerges from this region.

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A longitudinal section of the kidney shows an outer dark coloured cortex and an inner light coloured medulla. The cortex has a dotted appearance because of Malpighian capsules, proximal convoluted tub…

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A nephron, also called a uriniferous tubule, is the structural and functional unit of the kidney. Each human kidney contains about 1.2 million nephrons. A nephron has two main parts: the Malpighian ca…

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The Malpighian capsule, also called the renal capsule, is made of a double-layered Bowman's capsule and a bunch of capillaries called the glomerulus. It is the part of the nephron where filtration sta…