Cell Division

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Cell division is necessary because growth increases cell size and disturbs the normal ratio between cytoplasm and nucleus, as well as the surface area to volume ratio. Division restores balance, helps…

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The cell cycle is the period from the end of one division of a cell to the end of the next division. It includes interphase and the division phase.

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The cell cycle is divided into two main phases: interphase and division phase or M-phase. Interphase is the growth period, while M-phase is the division phase.

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G1 is the first phase of interphase. RNA and protein are synthesized, chromosomes remain uncoiled and thin, and this phase makes up about 30-40% of the cell cycle.

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S is the second phase of interphase. DNA is replicated, histone proteins are synthesized, and each chromosome becomes made of two chromatids. This phase forms about 30-50% of the cell cycle.

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G2 is the third phase of interphase. RNA and protein are synthesized, organelles are duplicated, and spindle proteins are made. This phase forms about 10-20% of the cell cycle.

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Interphase is called the growth period because the cell prepares for division by synthesizing RNA, proteins, DNA, organelles, and spindle-related materials. It is the stage between two successive divi…

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Karyokinesis is the division of the nucleus. It includes all the changes that result in nuclear division and occurs in four phases: prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase.