Transformation of Sentences

A clause that does not make complete sense by itself

A subordinate clause (also called dependent clause) is a clause that does not make complete sense by itself. It needs to be connected with the main clause by a subordinating conjunction to make complete sense. For example, in 'When it rains, I stay indoors,' the clause 'When it rains' is subordinate because it doesn't express a complete thought alone.

She finished her homework and played games.

A compound sentence has two or more independent clauses joined by coordinating conjunctions. 'She finished her homework and played games' has two independent clauses: 'She finished her homework' and '[she] played games' joined by 'and'. The other options are either simple sentences with phrases or complex sentences with dependent clauses.

and passed

To convert a compound sentence to simple, we combine the clauses into one by removing the coordinating conjunction and subject repetition. 'Ram studied hard, so he passed the exam' becomes 'Ram studied hard and passed the exam.' We use 'and' to connect the two actions performed by the same subject. The cause-effect relationship is maintained through the sequence of actions.

How, that, if, what, who, where, why

Noun clauses usually begin with words like how, that, if, what, whatever, when, where, whether, which, whichever, who, whoever, whom, whomever, why. These clauses act as nouns in the sentence. For example: 'What you said is true' - here 'What you said' is a noun clause acting as the subject. The other options are either coordinating conjunctions or subordinating conjunctions that introduce adverb clauses.