Argumentative Composition

Some argue that stray dogs protect neighborhoods, but they bark all night and chase vehicles

A refutation acknowledges the opposing viewpoint and then counters it with your own argument. The correct option first presents the counterargument ('Some argue that stray dogs protect neighborhoods') and then refutes it ('but they bark all night and chase vehicles'). This shows you understand the opposing view but can argue against it. The other options are either simple statements of position or facts, not refutations of opposing arguments.

Exposition

In the Five Es structure, the sequence is: Evocation (state your side), Explanation (define key terms), Exposition (give reasons for your stance), Example (provide supporting examples), and End (conclude). After explaining key terms in the 'Explanation' stage, you move to 'Exposition' where you present the reasons that support your argument. This logical flow ensures your argument builds systematically from position to definition to reasoning.

For instance

When introducing examples to support your arguments, phrases like 'For instance', 'Such as', 'An example of this', or 'Particularly' are most appropriate. 'For instance' clearly signals to the reader that you are about to provide a specific example that illustrates your point. 'In conclusion' is for endings, 'However' shows contrast, and 'Moreover' adds additional points rather than introducing examples.

To enable readers to follow the argument easily

Linking words serve as bridges between ideas, helping readers understand the logical flow of your argument. They signal relationships between sentences and paragraphs, whether you're adding information, showing contrast, providing examples, or concluding. Without proper linking words, arguments appear disjointed and confusing. Their primary function is clarity and coherence, not length, impression, or space-filling. Good linking words make your argument more persuasive by making it easier to follow.