Electrical Power and Household Circuits
ICSE · Class 10 · Physics
Flashcards for Electrical Power and Household Circuits — ICSE Class 10 Physics. Quick Q&A cards covering key concepts, definitions, and formulas.
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Explore the full setWhat is electrical energy and how is it converted in different appliances?
Answer
Electrical energy is the energy possessed by electrons due to their dynamic state of charge. When current flows through appliances, this energy is converted to other forms: (1) Heater: electrical to h…
Write the three formulas for calculating electrical energy (work done).
Answer
The three formulas for electrical energy are: (1) W = V × i × t (using voltage, current, time) (2) W = i² × R × t (using current, resistance, time) (3) W = V²/R × t (using voltage, resistance, time).
Define electrical power and write its three formulas.
Answer
Electrical power is the rate at which electrical energy is consumed or produced. P = W/t. The three formulas are: (1) P = V × i (2) P = i² × R (3) P = V²/R. One watt is the power consumed when 1 amper…
What is the commercial unit of electrical energy? How is it related to joule?
Answer
The commercial unit of electrical energy is kilowatt-hour (kWh), also called 'unit'. 1 kWh = 10³ W × 1 hour = 10³ J/sec × 3600 sec = 3.6 × 10⁶ J. This is the unit in which electricity bills are calcul…
A 100W-220V bulb is used for 5 hours daily for 30 days. Calculate the energy consumed and cost if 1 unit costs ₹5.
Answer
Energy consumed = Power × Time = 100W × 5 hours × 30 days = 15,000 Wh = 15 kWh = 15 units. Cost = 15 units × ₹5 = ₹75. Formula used: Energy (kWh) = P(W) × t(hours)/1000.
What information can we get from the power rating of an electrical appliance?
Answer
From power rating (e.g., 100W-220V bulb), we can determine: (1) Resistance of appliance: R = V²/P = (220)²/100 = 484Ω (2) Safe current limit: i = P/V = 100/220 = 0.45A. The rating tells us the applian…
State Joule's law of heating and its factors.
Answer
Joule's law: When electric current flows through a conductor, heat produced H = i² × R × t. Heat produced depends on: (1) Square of current (i²) (2) Resistance of conductor (R) (3) Time for which curr…
Why is electrical power transmitted at high voltage and low current over long distances?
Answer
Power is transmitted at high voltage (132kV, 220kV) and low current to minimize power loss. Power loss = i² × R. For the same power transmitted, high voltage means low current, so i² is small, reducin…
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