Accounting Cycle : Final Accounts Without Adjustments
ICSE · Class 11 · Accountancy
Quick revision notes for Accounting Cycle : Final Accounts Without Adjustments — ICSE Class 11 Accountancy. Key concepts, formulas, and definitions for last-minute revision.
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Key Topics to Revise
Meaning, Objectives and Importance of Final Accounts
- Final Accounts are prepared at the end of every accounting year after completing the Trial Balance.
- They consist of: (1) Trading Account, (2) Profit and Loss Account, and (3) Balance Sheet.
- Trading Account + Profit and Loss Account together = Income Statement (shows financial PERFORMANCE).
Trading Account
- Trading Account is the FIRST part of the Income Statement.
- It is a Nominal Account prepared to find Gross Profit or Gross Loss.
- It deals only with transactions related to goods: purchases, sales, stock, and direct expenses.
Profit and Loss Account
- Profit and Loss Account is the SECOND part of the Income Statement.
- It is also a Nominal Account and begins with Gross Profit (Credit) or Gross Loss (Debit) from Trading Account.
- All INDIRECT expenses and losses are shown on the DEBIT side.
Balance Sheet
- Balance Sheet is a STATEMENT (not an account) showing financial position on a specific date.
- It has two sides: LEFT = Liabilities, RIGHT = Assets.
- The words 'To' and 'By' are NOT used in Balance Sheet.
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