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Rise of Nazism in Germany (1933-39)

ICSE · Class 11 · History

Quick revision notes for Rise of Nazism in Germany (1933-39) — ICSE Class 11 History. Key concepts, formulas, and definitions for last-minute revision.

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Key Topics to Revise

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1. Weimar Republic: Background and Weaknesses

  • After Germany’s defeat in World War I, Kaiser William fled to Holland and Frederick Ebert formed the government.
  • Germany became a republic called the Weimar Republic because the Constituent Assembly met at Weimar.
  • The Weimar Constitution gave executive power to a President elected for seven years.
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2. Hitler’s Rise to Power

  • Hitler was Austrian by birth, joined the German army in World War I, and later became a house decorator in Munich.
  • He joined the German Workers’ Party and renamed it the National Socialists or Nazi Party.
  • The National Socialists German Workers’ Party was formed in March 1920 as an anti-Communist organisation.
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3. Nazi State from 1933 Onwards

  • The Enabling Law was passed on 23 March 1933 and became the fundamental law of Hitler’s regime.
  • The Enabling Law allowed the government to introduce laws without Reichstag approval for four years.
  • It also allowed Hitler to ignore the constitution and rule by decree.
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4. Nazi Policies toward Church, Race, and Economy

  • Hitler signed a Concordat agreement with the Pope in 1933 promising not to interfere with German Catholics.
  • Later the Catholic Youth League was dissolved and Catholic schools were closed.
  • Pope Pius XI issued an Encyclical condemning the Nazi government for becoming hostile towards Christ and His Church.

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Key Concepts

The first German RepublicGermany had to accept the humiliatingProportional representation produced many partiesA Commission fixed Germany’s total indemnityStresemann came to power in 1923

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