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Rise of Communism in Russia (1917-39)

ICSE · Class 11 · History

Quick revision notes for Rise of Communism in Russia (1917-39) — ICSE Class 11 History. Key concepts, formulas, and definitions for last-minute revision.

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Key Topics to Revise

1

9.1 - The Bolshevik Revolution: Causes and Main Events

  • Russia in the 19th century remained unchanged while Europe transformed with democratic and industrial revolutions
  • Czarist autocracy under Nicholas II ruled through terror and suppressed all reform movements
  • Count Plivy's tyrannical policies censored freedom of speech and persecuted reformers
2

9.2 - Lenin: Problems Before Him and His Achievements

  • Lenin emerged as leader providing direction when Revolution was 'radarless' and uncertain
  • April Thesis (1917) dismissed Moderate/Social Democratic arguments that proletarian revolution wasn't yet possible
  • Article 'What is to be Done?' called Social Democrats 'Copy-book Communists' lacking practical organization
3

9.3 - Stalin's Reforms and Concept of State: Economic Policy, Collectivization, Five-Year Plans, Purges

  • After Lenin's death (1924), power struggle emerged between Stalin and Trotsky within CPSU
  • Stalin preached communism in a single state - USSR should consolidate internally before world revolution
  • Trotsky believed in world revolution as immediate goal - opposed Stalin's nationalism
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9.4 - Estimate of Stalin's Contribution

  • Stalin born in Georgia to poor cobbler family - no aristocratic pedigree or university education
  • Self-made man with self-education - his scholarly writings on communism remain influential
  • Edited Pravda (famous Communist newspaper) during Lenin's era

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Key Concepts

The absolute rule of the RussianRussia's unexpected military defeat by JapanThe first stage of the RussianThe second stage of the RussianLenin's political platform upon returning from

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