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Aldehydes, Ketones and Carboxylic Acids — Concept Maps
ICSE · Class 12 · Chemistry
4 concept maps of Aldehydes, Ketones and Carboxylic Acids for ICSE Class 12 Chemistry, each also written out as a text outline.
103 questions36 flashcards13 formulas & key relations5 concepts
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4 Concept Maps
Comprehensive Overview of Aldehydes, Ketones, and Carboxylic Acids
The map in words
- root((Carbonyl & Carboxyl
- Compounds))
- Aldehydes
- Structure
- R-CHO
- Carbonyl at end
- Preparation
- From primary alcohols
- From alkynes
- Reactions
- Nucleophilic addition
- Oxidation to acids
- Reduction to alcohols
- Tests
- Tollens test
- Fehling test
- Structure
- Ketones
- Structure
- R-CO-R
- Carbonyl in middle
- Preparation
- From secondary alcohols
- Friedel-Crafts acylation
- Reactions
- Nucleophilic addition
- Oxidation with cleavage
- Reduction to alcohols
- Properties
- Less reactive
- No Tollens test
- Structure
- Carboxylic Acids
- Structure
- R-COOH
- Acidic group
- Acidity
- Weak acids
- Resonance stabilization
- Ka 10-4 to 10-5
- Preparation
- From aldehydes
- From nitriles
- From Grignard + CO2
- Derivatives
- Acid chlorides
- Anhydrides
- Esters
- Amides
- Reactions
- Esterification
- Acyl substitution
- Decarboxylation
- Salt formation
- Structure
- Aldehydes
Aldehydes, Ketones and Carboxylic Acids - Complete Overview
The map in words
- Carbonyl Compounds
- Aldehydes
- Structure
- R-CHO
- Carbonyl at end of chain
- Properties
- More reactive than ketones
- Easily oxidized
- Lower bp than alcohols
- Reactions
- Nucleophilic addition
- Oxidation to acids
- Reduction to alcohols
- Aldol condensation
- Structure
- Ketones
- Structure
- R-CO-R
- Carbonyl within chain
- Properties
- Less reactive than aldehydes
- Harder to oxidize
- Similar bp to aldehydes
- Reactions
- Nucleophilic addition
- Clemmensen reduction
- Wolff-Kishner reduction
- Haloform reaction
- Structure
- Carboxylic Acids
- Structure
- R-COOH
- Carboxyl group
- Properties
- Weak acids pKa 3-5
- Form dimers
- Very soluble when low MW
- Reactions
- Esterification
- Formation of derivatives
- Decarboxylation
- Alpha halogenation
- Derivatives
- Acid chlorides
- Acid anhydrides
- Esters
- Amides
- Structure
- Aldehydes
Carboxylic Acids — Complete Concept Map
The map in words
- root((Carboxylic Acids
- RCOOH))
- Preparation
- Oxidation of
- Primary Alcohols
- Aldehydes
- Nitrile Hydrolysis
- One Carbon MORE
- Grignard plus CO2
- One Carbon MORE
- Ester Hydrolysis
- Acid or Alkaline
- Koch Reaction
- Alkene plus CO plus H2O
- Alkylbenzene Oxidation
- Any chain gives COOH
- Oxidation of
- Physical Properties
- Boiling Points Very High
- Cyclic Dimer Formation
- Double H-bonds
- Solubility
- Decreases after C4
- H-bonding with water
- Melting Points
- Alternating Pattern
- Even C higher than Odd C
- Boiling Points Very High
- Acid Strength
- Measured by Ka and pKa
- Order
- Mineral Acids
- Carboxylic Acids
- Phenols
- Alcohols
- Electron Withdrawing Groups
- Increase Acid Strength
- F Cl Br I CN NO2
- Electron Releasing Groups
- Decrease Acid Strength
- Alkyl Groups
- Key Order
- HCOOH Greater PhCOOH Greater CH3COOH
- Chemical Reactions
- Acidic Reactions
- With NaHCO3 gives CO2
- With metals gives H2
- With NaOH gives salt
- Forming Derivatives
- Acid Chloride via PCl5 SOCl2
- Ester via ROH H2SO4
- Amide via NH3 then heat
- Anhydride via P2O5
- Decarboxylation
- Sodalime gives alkane
- Kolbes Electrolysis R-R
- Hunsdiecker gives RBr
- HVZ Reaction
- Alpha halogenation
- Cl2 or Br2 with red P
- Benzene Ring Reactions
- Meta directing
- Deactivating group
- No Friedel Crafts
- Acidic Reactions
- Preparation
Carbonyl Compounds and Carboxylic Acids
The map in words
- Carbonyl Compounds and Carboxylic Acids
- Aldehydes
- Ketones
- Carboxylic Acids
- Functional Derivatives of Carboxylic Acids
- Methods of Preparation
- Acidity and Resonance
- Reduction and Oxidation
- Decarboxylation and Descent
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Explore DiagramsFrequently Asked Questions
What are the important topics in Aldehydes, Ketones and Carboxylic Acids for ICSE Class 12 Chemistry?
Key topics in Aldehydes, Ketones and Carboxylic Acids include Carbonyl Group and Basic Reactivity, Important Reactions of Aldehydes and Ketones, Preparation of Carboxylic Acids, Physical Properties of Carboxylic Acids. Study these first, then practise questions on each for the ICSE Class 12 board exam.
What do the concept maps for Aldehydes, Ketones and Carboxylic Acids show?
The 4 maps show how the ideas in Aldehydes, Ketones and Carboxylic Acids connect: Comprehensive Overview of Aldehydes, Ketones, and Carboxylic Acids; Aldehydes, Ketones and Carboxylic Acids - Complete Overview. Each map is also written out as an outline on this page.
How should I revise Aldehydes, Ketones and Carboxylic Acids for the ICSE Class 12 board exam?
Learn the core ideas first, then work through the 103 practice questions on Aldehydes, Ketones and Carboxylic Acids. Revise definitions regularly and use flashcards for quick recall before the exam.
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