Aldehydes, Ketones and Carboxylic Acids
ICSE · Class 12 · Chemistry
Flashcards for Aldehydes, Ketones and Carboxylic Acids — ICSE Class 12 Chemistry. Quick Q&A cards covering key concepts, definitions, and formulas.
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Get startedWhat is the general acid dissociation of a carboxylic acid in water?
Answer
RCOOH + H2O ⇌ RCOO− + H3O+ The acid strength depends on the extent of ionisation in water. The carboxylate ion is resonance stabilised, so carboxylic acids show acidic nature.
How is Ka related to acid strength for a carboxylic acid?
Answer
Ka = [RCOO−][H3O+]/[RCOOH] Higher Ka means greater acid strength. Lower pKa means greater acid strength. pKa = -log10 Ka…
Why is formic acid stronger than acetic acid?
Answer
Formic acid has H attached to the carboxyl group, while acetic acid has an electron-releasing CH3 group. The CH3 group increases electron density on the carboxyl group and makes release of H+ more di…
Why are carboxylic acids more acidic than alcohols?
Answer
Carboxylic acids form resonance-stabilised carboxylate ions. Alcohols form alkoxide ions, which are not resonance stabilised. Because the conjugate base of a carboxylic acid is much more stable, carb…
What happens when a carboxylic acid reacts with sodium metal?
Answer
2RCOOH + 2Na → 2RCOONa + H2↑ A salt is formed and hydrogen gas is liberated.
What happens when acetic acid reacts with sodium bicarbonate?
Answer
CH3COOH + NaHCO3 → CH3COONa + H2O + CO2↑ Brisk effervescence is seen because carbon dioxide gas is evolved.
How is an acid chloride prepared from a carboxylic acid using thionyl chloride?
Answer
RCOOH + SOCl2 → RCOCl + SO2↑ + HCl↑ Thionyl chloride is preferred because the by-products are gaseous and escape readily.
Why are acyl chlorides the most reactive carboxylic acid derivatives?
Answer
Acyl chlorides are most reactive because chlorine exerts a strong -I effect. This makes the carbonyl carbon highly electron deficient and easily attacked by nucleophiles.
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