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Aldehydes, Ketones and Carboxylic Acids — Flashcards

ICSE · Class 12 · Chemistry

36 flashcards for Aldehydes, Ketones and Carboxylic Acids (ICSE Class 12 Chemistry) to test yourself on key terms and facts.

103 questions36 flashcards13 formulas & key relations5 concepts

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A flowchart summarizing the key methods for preparing carboxylic acids, showing starting materials, reagents, and products for each reaction.
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36 Flashcards·
Acidic nature of carboxylic acidsAcid strength and pKaEffect of substituents on acidityComparison of acidityReactions due to H atomTests for carboxylic acidsAcid chloride preparationReactivity of acid derivatives
Card 1Acidic nature of carboxylic acids

What is the general acid dissociation of a carboxylic acid in water?

Answer

RCOOH + H2O ⇌ RCOO− + H3O+ The acid strength depends on the extent of ionisation in water. The carboxylate ion is resonance stabilised, so carboxylic acids show acidic nature.

Card 2Acid strength and pKa

How is Ka related to acid strength for a carboxylic acid?

Answer

Ka = [RCOO−][H3O+]/[RCOOH] Higher Ka means greater acid strength. Lower pKa means greater acid strength. pKa = -log10 Ka…

Card 3Effect of substituents on acidity

Why is formic acid stronger than acetic acid?

Answer

Formic acid has H attached to the carboxyl group, while acetic acid has an electron-releasing CH3 group. The CH3 group increases electron density on the carboxyl group and makes release of H+ more di…

Card 4Comparison of acidity

Why are carboxylic acids more acidic than alcohols?

Answer

Carboxylic acids form resonance-stabilised carboxylate ions. Alcohols form alkoxide ions, which are not resonance stabilised. Because the conjugate base of a carboxylic acid is much more stable, carb…

Card 5Reactions due to H atom

What happens when a carboxylic acid reacts with sodium metal?

Answer

2RCOOH + 2Na → 2RCOONa + H2↑ A salt is formed and hydrogen gas is liberated.

Card 6Tests for carboxylic acids

What happens when acetic acid reacts with sodium bicarbonate?

Answer

CH3COOH + NaHCO3 → CH3COONa + H2O + CO2↑ Brisk effervescence is seen because carbon dioxide gas is evolved.

Card 7Acid chloride preparation

How is an acid chloride prepared from a carboxylic acid using thionyl chloride?

Answer

RCOOH + SOCl2 → RCOCl + SO2↑ + HCl↑ Thionyl chloride is preferred because the by-products are gaseous and escape readily.

Card 8Reactivity of acid derivatives

Why are acyl chlorides the most reactive carboxylic acid derivatives?

Answer

Acyl chlorides are most reactive because chlorine exerts a strong -I effect. This makes the carbonyl carbon highly electron deficient and easily attacked by nucleophiles.

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What are the important topics in Aldehydes, Ketones and Carboxylic Acids for ICSE Class 12 Chemistry?
Key topics in Aldehydes, Ketones and Carboxylic Acids include Carbonyl Group and Basic Reactivity, Important Reactions of Aldehydes and Ketones, Preparation of Carboxylic Acids, Physical Properties of Carboxylic Acids. Study these first, then practise questions on each for the ICSE Class 12 board exam.
How many flashcards are available for Aldehydes, Ketones and Carboxylic Acids?
There are 36 flashcards for Aldehydes, Ketones and Carboxylic Acids covering key definitions, facts and ideas. A few sample cards are shown on this page.
How should I revise Aldehydes, Ketones and Carboxylic Acids for the ICSE Class 12 board exam?
Learn the core ideas first, then work through the 103 practice questions on Aldehydes, Ketones and Carboxylic Acids. Revise definitions regularly and use flashcards for quick recall before the exam.

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