Migration Trends
ICSE · Class 12 · Geography
Complete topic list for Migration Trends in ICSE Class 12 Geography. Key concepts, sub-topics, and what to focus on for board exams.
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Topics in Migration Trends
1. Basic Concepts and Definitions of Migration
- Migration is the movement of population from one place to another
- Migration can be permanent (long-term relocation) or temporary (seasonal, annual, or daily)
- A migrant person is enumerated at a census at a place different from their place of birth
2. Classification and Types of Migration
- Migration can be classified based on: cause, distance, and duration
- International migration: movement across international boundaries (emigration and immigration)
- Internal migration: movement within a country (intra-district, inter-district, interstate)
3. International Migration: Out-migration of Indians
- Indians have migrated internationally for centuries with varying motivations
- Three distinct waves of Indian diaspora occurred at different historical periods
- First wave (19th century): British colonial period labor migration - Girmit Act governed indentured labor
4. International Migration: Partition and In-migration
- Partition of Indian subcontinent in 1947 caused massive population exchange
- About 14.5 million people moved across borders - one of history's greatest human movements
- Hindus and Sikhs migrated to India; Muslims migrated to Pakistan and Bangladesh
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