Electromagnetic Waves — Formula Sheet

Ampere's Circuital Law: ∮ B · dl = μ0 I(t)

Displacement Current: ε0 (dΦE/dt) = Id

Ampere-Maxwell Law: ∮ B · dl = μ0 Ic + μ0 ε0 (dΦE/dt) = μ0(Ic + Id)

Gauss' Law of Electricity: ∮ E · dS = q/ε0

Gauss' Law of Magnetism: ∮ B · dS = 0

Faraday's Law: ∮ E · dl = -dΦB/dt

Ampere-Maxwell Law: ∮ B · dl = μ0(Ic + Id)

E/B = c

v = 1/(√(με))

Direction of propagation is parallel to E × B

u = (1/2)ε0E^2 + (1/2)(B^2/μ0)

ū = (1/2)ε0E0^2 = (1/2)(B0^2/μ0)

⟨I⟩ = (1/2)ε0E0^2c = (1/2)(B0E0/μ0)

Radiation pressure on absorbing surface = I/c

Between capacitor plates, Ic = 0 and Id exists.

The modified form of Ampere’s law includes both conduction current and displacement current: ∮B·dl = μ0Ic + μ0ε0(dΦE/dt) = μ0(Ic + Id).