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Franchise and Representation — Revision Notes

ICSE · Class 12 · Political Science

Franchise and Representation revision notes for ICSE Class 12 Political Science: 4 topics in quick points. Includes Universal Adult Franchise.

45 questions42 flashcards5 concepts

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Key Topics to Revise

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1. Universal Adult Franchise

  • Universal adult franchise means the right to vote is given to all adult citizens without discrimination on artificial or unreasonable grounds.
  • Discrimination on the basis of religion, race, caste, creed, wealth, language, domicile, colour of skin, sex, culture, or ideology is not justified.
  • Certain groups may be excluded from voting, such as aliens, non-resident citizens, enemies, heinous criminals, traitors, undischarged insolvents, lunatics, and lepers.
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2. Representation and Theories of Representation

  • Representation is the process through which the attitudes, preferences, viewpoints, and desires of the citizenry are shaped into government action on their behalf by a smaller number among them.
  • Robert von Mohl defined representation as the process through which the influence of the citizenry is exercised on their behalf with binding effect.
  • A. R. Ball classified theories of representation into two categories: liberal-democratic and socialistic or collectivistic.
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3. Role of Representatives

  • Garner pointed out three positions on the proper role of a representative.
  • First, the representative may be treated as a deputy, delegate, or agent of the constituency.
  • Second, the representative may be treated as a representative of the whole state.
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4. First Past the Post System and Proportional Representation

  • First Past the Post system is also called the majority vote system or plurality vote system.
  • Under this system, the candidate with the largest number of votes is declared elected.
  • A candidate may win even without more than 50 percent of the votes polled.

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Full Notes

Key Concepts

Universal adult franchise gives the rightRepresentation is the process throughThis theory stresses individual rightsThis theory gives importance to classGarner gives three positions

Frequently Asked Questions

What are the important topics in Franchise and Representation for ICSE Class 12 Political Science?
Key topics in Franchise and Representation include Universal Adult Franchise, Representation and Theories of Representation, Role of Representatives, First Past the Post System and Proportional Representation. Study these first, then practise questions on each for the ICSE Class 12 board exam.
How should I revise Franchise and Representation for the ICSE Class 12 board exam?
Learn the core ideas first, then work through the 45 practice questions on Franchise and Representation. Revise definitions regularly and use flashcards for quick recall before the exam.

Sources & Official References

Content is aligned to the official syllabus. Refer to the board website for the latest curriculum.

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