Landforms

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Landforms are natural features of the Earth's surface, such as mountains, plateaus, plains, and valleys. They are formed by internal and external forces acting over long periods of time. For example, …

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About 29% of the Earth's surface is covered by land, while 71% is covered by water. The Northern Hemisphere has more land, while the Southern Hemisphere is mostly water.

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The two main processes are: (1) Endogenic (internal) processes like folding, faulting, and volcanic activity that originate inside the Earth, and (2) Exogenic (external) processes like erosion and dep…

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Endogenic processes occur inside the Earth and include folding, faulting, and volcanic eruptions. They can be slow (like mountain building) or sudden (like earthquakes). Exogenic processes happen on t…

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Fold mountains are formed when two tectonic plates collide and push the Earth's crust upward, creating folds. The upfold is called an anticline, and the downfold is a syncline. These mountains are usu…

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Two examples of young fold mountains are the Himalayas in Asia and the Andes in South America. These are high, rugged, and have pointed peaks because they are recently formed.

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Two examples of old fold mountains are the Aravallis in India and the Appalachians in North America. These are lower, with rounded peaks and gentle slopes due to long-term erosion.

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Block mountains are formed when large blocks of the Earth's crust are uplifted or dropped due to faulting. The uplifted block is called a horst, and the lowered block is a graben. Block mountains are …