Matter
ICSE · Class 8 · Physics
Quick revision notes for Matter — ICSE Class 8 Physics. Key concepts, formulas, and definitions for last-minute revision.
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1. Matter, Molecules, and Molecular Behavior
- Matter means anything that occupies space and has mass.
- Maharishi Kanada considered matter to be made up of tiny particles called anu.
- Matter is now known to be made up of tiny particles called molecules.
2. Three States of Matter
- Matter exists as solid, liquid, and gas.
- Solids have definite shape and definite volume.
- Liquids have definite volume but no definite shape.
3. Change of State
- Change of state is the process of changing from one state to another by absorption or rejection of heat at a constant temperature.
- Latent heat is heat absorbed or rejected during change of state without any change in temperature.
- During change of state, heat changes the potential energy of molecules, not the average kinetic energy.
4. Melting and Freezing
- Melting is the change of a solid into a liquid on heating at a fixed temperature.
- Freezing is the change of a liquid into a solid on cooling at a fixed temperature.
- For a substance, the melting point and freezing point are the same.
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