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The Sangam Age

ICSE · Class 9 · History & Civics

Quick revision notes for The Sangam Age — ICSE Class 9 History & Civics. Key concepts, formulas, and definitions for last-minute revision.

68 questions45 flashcards5 concepts

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A timeline illustrating the key periods and events of the Sangam Age, including the three Sangams and the revised dating based on Keeladi excavations.
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Key Topics to Revise

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1. Sangam Age: Meaning and Literary Background

  • The word Sangam is the Tamil form of the Sanskrit Sangha, which means an assembly or an association.
  • The Sangam Age refers to the period when a large body of Tamil literature was composed by poets in three successive literary gatherings called Sangam.
  • These gatherings took place between the first century BCE and second century CE in the kingdom of the Pandyas.
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2. Important Sources: Tirukkural and Megaliths

  • Tirukkural is one of the most celebrated works of the eighteen minor works of Sangam literature.
  • It was written by Thiruvalluvar, a Tamil poet and philosopher.
  • Tirukkural is considered as a compound of the teachings of Dharamashastra, the Arthashastra and the Kamasutra.
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3. The Three Tamil Kingdoms

  • The Sangam poems mention the term muvendar, meaning three chiefs, for the rulers of Chera, Chola and Pandya.
  • The Chera capital was Vanji and their chief port was Thondi.
  • The Chera symbol on the flag was bow and arrow.
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4. Local Chieftains and Patronage

  • Apart from the three kingdoms, local chieftains ruled in different parts of Tamil Nadu.
  • These chieftains were known as Velirs.
  • The most famous among the Velirs were called Seven Patrons or Kadaiyelu Vallalgal.

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Full Notes

Key Concepts

Sangam is the Tamil formThe first Sangam was attended byTirukkural is a celebrated work byMegaliths are boxThe three ruling families were Chera

Frequently Asked Questions

What are the important topics in The Sangam Age for ICSE Class 9 History & Civics?
Key topics in The Sangam Age include Sangam Age Overview, Chronology of Sangam Age, Chronology of Sangam Age. These are the concepts ICSE Class 9 examiners draw on most — study them first, then practise related questions.
How to score full marks in The Sangam Age — ICSE Class 9 History & Civics?
Understand the core concepts first, then work through the 68 practice questions available for this chapter. Revise formulas and definitions regularly, and use flashcards for quick recall before the exam.

Sources & Official References

Content is aligned to the official syllabus. Refer to the board website for the latest curriculum.

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