Basic Principles of Organic Chemistry — Flashcards
Maharashtra Board · Class 11 · Chemistry
25 flashcards for Basic Principles of Organic Chemistry (Maharashtra Board Class 11 Chemistry) to test yourself on key terms and facts.
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What is the unique property of carbon that makes organic chemistry a separate branch of chemistry?
Answer
Carbon has the unique ability to form strong covalent bonds with other carbon atoms and various heteroatoms. It can form chains, branches, and rings of unlimited length due to: 1. Tetravalency - can f…
Draw the bond line formula for: CH₃-CH₂-CH₂-CH₃
Answer
The bond line formula (zig-zag formula) for butane (CH₃-CH₂-CH₂-CH₃) is: ∧∧ Where: - Each terminal point represents a methyl group (CH₃) - Each intersection represents a carbon atom - Hydrogen atoms a…
What is the difference between homolytic and heterolytic bond cleavage?
Answer
HOMOLYTIC CLEAVAGE: - One electron goes to each atom - Forms free radicals (A• + B•) - Represented by fish hook arrows (→) - Favored by UV light, high temperature - Example: CH₃-Cl → CH₃• + Cl• HETER…
Write the IUPAC name for: CH₃-CH(CH₃)-CH₂-CH(C₂H₅)-CH₃
Answer
Step 1: Find longest chain = 5 carbons (pentane) Step 2: Number from left: 1-2-3-4-5 or right: 5-4-3-2-1 Step 3: Choose numbering giving lowest locants Numbering from left: methyl at C-2, ethyl at C-4…
Define homologous series and give an example.
Answer
HOMOLOGOUS SERIES: A series of compounds with the same functional group and similar chemical properties, where each successive member differs by a CH₂ unit. Characteristics: 1. Same general formula 2…
What is the difference between electrophiles and nucleophiles? Give examples.
Answer
ELECTROPHILES (electron-loving): - Electron deficient species - Accept electron pairs - Positively charged or electron deficient - Examples: H⁺, Br⁺, AlCl₃, BF₃ NUCLEOPHILES (nucleus-loving): - Elect…
Explain chain isomerism with an example.
Answer
CHAIN ISOMERISM: Compounds with same molecular formula but different carbon skeleton (branching pattern). Example: C₄H₁₀ 1. n-Butane: CH₃-CH₂-CH₂-CH₃ (straight chain) 2. Isobutane: CH₃-CH(CH₃)-CH₃ (b…
What is functional group isomerism? Give an example with C₂H₆O.
Answer
FUNCTIONAL GROUP ISOMERISM: Compounds with same molecular formula but different functional groups. Example: C₂H₆O 1. Ethanol: CH₃-CH₂-OH (alcohol, -OH group) 2. Dimethyl ether: CH₃-O-CH₃ (ether, -O- …
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