Chemistry in Everyday Life — Flashcards
Maharashtra Board · Class 11 · Chemistry
20 flashcards for Chemistry in Everyday Life (Maharashtra Board Class 11 Chemistry) to test yourself on key terms and facts.
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What are the main nutrients found in food and their chemical nature?
Answer
The main nutrients are: 1) Carbohydrates - polymers that break down to glucose, 2) Proteins - polymers that break down to α-amino acids, 3) Lipids (fats/oils) - provide energy and fat-soluble vitamins…
Why does cooking make food easier to digest?
Answer
Cooking breaks down high polymers of carbohydrates and proteins into smaller polymers through hydrolysis. The food changes from a heterogeneous suspension to colloidal matter. Smaller nutrient molecul…
Explain the browning of cut fruits and vegetables with the chemical reaction involved.
Answer
When fruits/vegetables are cut, cell damage releases polyphenols. In the presence of oxygen and enzymes, polyphenols are oxidized to quinones: Polyphenol + ½O₂ → Quinone + H₂O. Quinones undergo furthe…
What causes rancidity in oils and fats? Write the hydrolysis reaction.
Answer
Rancidity is caused by: 1) Hydrolysis - triglycerides react with water to form glycerol and free fatty acids: R-COO-CH₂-CHOH-CH₂-OOC-R + 3H₂O → CH₂OH-CHOH-CH₂OH + 3R-COOH, 2) Oxidation - unsaturated f…
Compare saturated, unsaturated, and trans fats in terms of structure and health effects.
Answer
Saturated fats: No C=C bonds, straight chains pack closely, solid at room temperature, may increase cholesterol. Unsaturated fats: Have C=C bonds creating 'kinks', liquid at room temperature, cis form…
What are Omega-3 fatty acids and why are they beneficial?
Answer
Omega-3 fatty acids have a C=C double bond between the 3rd and 4th carbon from the omega (last) carbon. Example: Linolenic acid (9,12,15-octadecatrienoic acid). They raise HDL (good cholesterol) level…
How do antioxidants work as food additives? Give examples with structures.
Answer
Antioxidants delay oxidation by reacting with oxygen-containing free radicals, preventing oxidative rancidity. Natural: Vitamin E (tocopherol) has phenolic OH group for antioxidant activity. Synthetic…
Define drug and medicine. What is the difference between brand and generic medicines?
Answer
Drug: A chemical that interacts with biomolecules (carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, nucleic acids) producing a biological response. Medicine: Contains drug as active ingredient plus additional chemica…
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