Hydrocarbons — Flashcards
Maharashtra Board · Class 11 · Chemistry
24 flashcards for Hydrocarbons (Maharashtra Board Class 11 Chemistry) to test yourself on key terms and facts.
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What are hydrocarbons? Give their basic classification.
Answer
Hydrocarbons are organic compounds containing only carbon and hydrogen atoms. Classification: 1. Aliphatic (open chain): Saturated (alkanes) and Unsaturated (alkenes, alkynes) 2. Cyclic: Saturated (al…
Write the general formula for alkanes and explain why they are called paraffins.
Answer
General formula: CₙH₂ₙ₊₂ (where n = number of carbon atoms) Alkanes are called paraffins because they have little affinity (parum affinis = little affinity) for other chemicals due to only single cova…
How many structural isomers are possible for butane (C₄H₁₀)? Draw their structures.
Answer
Butane has 2 structural isomers: 1. n-Butane: CH₃-CH₂-CH₂-CH₃ (straight chain) 2. Isobutane: CH₃-CH(CH₃)-CH₃ (2-methylpropane, branched chain) Both have same molecular formula but different structural…
Explain staggered and eclipsed conformations in ethane with their energy difference.
Answer
Conformations arise due to rotation about C-C single bond: 1. Staggered conformation: H atoms on adjacent carbons are as far apart as possible (more stable, lower energy) 2. Eclipsed conformation: H a…
Write the catalytic hydrogenation reaction of ethene to ethane with conditions.
Answer
CH₂=CH₂ + H₂ → CH₃-CH₃ Conditions: - Catalyst: Pt or Pd at room temperature, OR Ni at high temperature and pressure - Reaction type: Addition reaction - Product: Saturated hydrocarbon (alkane) This is…
Write the Grignard reaction for preparation of methane from methyl iodide.
Answer
Step 1: CH₃I + Mg → CH₃MgI (dry ether) (Grignard reagent formation) Step 2: CH₃MgI + H₂O → CH₄ + Mg(OH)I (Hydrolysis) Conditions: Dry ether, anhydrous conditions Note: Grignard reagent…
Explain the halogenation of methane with chlorine. Why does it give a mixture of products?
Answer
CH₄ + Cl₂ → CH₃Cl + HCl (UV light or heat) CH₃Cl + Cl₂ → CH₂Cl₂ + HCl CH₂Cl₂ + Cl₂ → CHCl₃ + HCl CHCl₃ + Cl₂ → CCl₄ + HCl Mixture forms because: - Free radical mechanism - All H atoms are equally rea…
What is the order of ease of dehydrohalogenation and hydrogen replacement in alkyl halides?
Answer
Dehydrohalogenation ease: 3° > 2° > 1° Hydrogen replacement ease: 3° > 2° > 1° Reason: - Tertiary carbocations are more stable - Greater alkyl substitution provides more stability - Follows the same…
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