States of Matter — Flashcards
Maharashtra Board · Class 11 · Chemistry
20 flashcards for States of Matter (Maharashtra Board Class 11 Chemistry) to test yourself on key terms and facts.
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What are the three main states of matter and how are they interconvertible?
Answer
The three main states of matter are: 1. Solid - particles tightly held in regular arrangement 2. Liquid - particles loosely packed with irregular arrangement 3. Gas - particles widely separated in hig…
Define intermolecular forces and explain their role in determining states of matter.
Answer
Intermolecular forces are attractive and repulsive forces present between neighboring molecules. They decrease with increasing distance. Role in states: • Strong intermolecular forces → Solids • Mode…
What are the five types of intermolecular forces? List them in order of strength.
Answer
The five types of intermolecular forces are: 1. Ion-dipole interactions (strongest, 10-50 kJ/mol) 2. Hydrogen bonding (moderate, 10-40 kJ/mol) 3. Dipole-dipole interactions (weak, 3-4 kJ/mol) 4. Dipo…
Define dipole moment and explain dipole-dipole interactions with an example.
Answer
Dipole moment (μ) is the product of magnitude of charge (Q) and distance between centers of positive and negative charge (r). μ = Q × r, Unit: Debye (D) Dipole-dipole interactions occur between polar…
Explain hydrogen bonding with examples and its effect on boiling point.
Answer
Hydrogen bonding is a special dipole-dipole attraction when hydrogen is bonded to highly electronegative atoms (N, O, F). Definition: Electrostatic attraction between H^δ+ of one molecule and electro…
State Boyle's Law and write its mathematical expression with graphical representation.
Answer
Boyle's Law: For a fixed mass of gas at constant temperature, pressure is inversely proportional to volume. Mathematical Expression: P ∝ 1/V (at constant T, n) P = k₁/V PV = k₁ (constant) P₁V₁ = P₂V₂…
A gas occupies 25 mL at 1 atm pressure. Calculate its volume when pressure is increased to 1.25 atm at constant temperature.
Answer
Given: P₁ = 1 atm, V₁ = 25 mL P₂ = 1.25 atm, V₂ = ? Using Boyle's Law: P₁V₁ = P₂V₂ V₂ = P₁V₁/P₂ V₂ = (1 × 25)/1.25 V₂ = 20 mL Answer: The gas will occupy 20 mL at 1.25 atm pressure. Note: Volume d…
State Charles' Law and explain absolute zero temperature.
Answer
Charles' Law: At constant pressure, volume of a fixed mass of gas is directly proportional to absolute temperature. Mathematical Expression: V ∝ T (at constant P, n) V = k₂T V/T = constant V₁/T₁ = V₂…
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