Electric Current Through Conductors — Flashcards
Maharashtra Board · Class 11 · Physics
24 flashcards for Electric Current Through Conductors (Maharashtra Board Class 11 Physics) to test yourself on key terms and facts.
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What is electric current and what is its SI unit?
Answer
Electric current is defined as the amount of charge flowing through a cross-section per unit time. I = q/t. The SI unit is ampere (A). 1 ampere = 1 coulomb/second. Current can range from nanoamperes (…
What is the sign convention for electric current direction?
Answer
By convention, the direction of current is taken as the direction in which positive charges would move, even though in metallic conductors, it is actually electrons (negative charges) that move in the…
Define drift velocity and derive its relation with current.
Answer
Drift velocity (Vd) is the average velocity with which free electrons move in a conductor under the influence of an electric field. Derivation: For a conductor with length L, cross-sectional area A, a…
A metallic wire of diameter 0.02m has 10²⁸ free electrons per m³. Find drift velocity for current of 100A. (e = 1.6 × 10⁻¹⁹ C)
Answer
Given: D = 0.02m, r = 0.01m, n = 10²⁸ electrons/m³, I = 100A, e = 1.6 × 10⁻¹⁹ C Solution: A = πr² = 3.142 × (0.01)² = 3.142 × 10⁻⁴ m² Vd = I/(nAe) = 100/(3.142 × 10⁻⁴ × 10²⁸ × 1.6 × 10⁻¹⁹) = 100/(5.02…
State Ohm's law and write its mathematical expression.
Answer
Ohm's law states: 'The current through a conductor is directly proportional to the potential difference applied across its ends, provided the physical state of the conductor remains unchanged.' Mathem…
What is resistance and conductance? Give their units.
Answer
Resistance (R) is the opposition offered by a conductor to the flow of current. R = V/I. Unit: ohm (Ω). 1Ω = 1V/1A. Conductance (C) is the reciprocal of resistance. C = 1/R. Unit: siemens (S) or (Ω)⁻¹…
A flashlight uses two 1.5V batteries to provide 0.5A current. Find the resistance of the filament.
Answer
Given: Total voltage V = 2 × 1.5V = 3.0V, Current I = 0.5A Solution: Using Ohm's law, R = V/I = 3.0V/0.5A = 6.0Ω Therefore, resistance of the glowing filament = 6.0Ω…
Derive the microscopic form of Ohm's law and explain resistivity.
Answer
For an electron in electric field E: Force F = eE, acceleration a = eE/m. If τ is average time between collisions, drift velocity Vd = aτ = (eEτ/m). From Vd = J/(ne), we get J/(ne) = (eEτ/m), which gi…
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