Optics — Flashcards
Maharashtra Board · Class 11 · Physics
25 flashcards for Optics (Maharashtra Board Class 11 Physics) to test yourself on key terms and facts. Sample: "What is the nature of light and how does.
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What is the nature of light and how does it travel in vacuum?
Answer
Light has dual nature - it behaves both as electromagnetic waves and as particles (photons). In vacuum, light travels at c = 3 × 10⁸ m/s, which is the maximum possible speed according to Einstein's sp…
State the four fundamental laws of ray optics (geometrical optics).
Answer
1. Light travels in straight line in homogeneous and isotropic medium 2. Two or more rays can intersect without affecting their paths beyond intersection 3. Laws of reflection: (a) Reflected ray lies …
What is Cartesian sign convention and why is it important?
Answer
Cartesian sign convention provides consistent rules for optical calculations: • All distances measured from optical center/pole • Incident rays travel left to right • Distances left of pole are negati…
For spherical mirrors, what is the relationship between focal length and radius of curvature?
Answer
For spherical mirrors: f = R/2 Where f is focal length and R is radius of curvature. For concave mirror: f is negative (according to sign convention) For convex mirror: f is positive This relationship…
A concave mirror has focal length 15 cm. An object is placed 30 cm in front of it. Find image distance and magnification.
Answer
Given: f = -15 cm, u = -30 cm Using 1/f = 1/v + 1/u 1/(-15) = 1/v + 1/(-30) -1/15 = 1/v - 1/30 1/v = -1/15 + 1/30 = -2/30 + 1/30 = -1/30 v = -30 cm Magnification m = v/u = (-30)/(-30) = 1 Image is rea…
What is spherical aberration and how can it be eliminated?
Answer
Spherical aberration occurs when rays far from principal axis don't focus at the same point as paraxial rays, causing fuzzy images. Distance between Fm and Fp is longitudinal spherical aberration. Eli…
Define absolute and relative refractive index with their relationship.
Answer
Absolute refractive index: n = c/v (ratio of speed of light in vacuum to speed in medium) Relative refractive index: ₁n₂ = v₁/v₂ = n₂/n₁ (refractive index of medium 2 with respect to medium 1) For any…
What is the relationship between real depth and apparent depth for a plane surface?
Answer
For refraction at plane surface: n = Real depth/Apparent depth This applies when viewing from rarer to denser medium (like looking at bottom of water body from air). Bottom appears raised due to refra…
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