Electrostatics — Flashcards

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Electric charge is a basic property of elementary particles that causes them to experience force in an electromagnetic field. Two types: Positive charge (carried by protons) and Negative charge (carri…

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1. **Additive Nature**: Total charge = algebraic sum of individual charges. 2. **Quantization**: Charge exists only in integral multiples of elementary charge (q = ±ne). 3. **Conservation**: Total cha…

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Given: Charge on one electron = 1.6 × 10⁻¹⁹ C For 1 coulomb: Number of electrons = 1 C ÷ (1.6 × 10⁻¹⁹ C) Number of electrons = 6.25 × 10¹⁸ electrons This shows why 1 coulomb is an extremely large char…

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**Statement**: The force between two point charges is directly proportional to the product of charges and inversely proportional to the square of distance between them. **Formula**: F = (1/4πε₀) × (q…

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Given: q₁ = q₂ = 5 × 10⁻⁶ C, F = 80 × 10⁻³ N Using F = k(q₁q₂/r²) 80 × 10⁻³ = 9 × 10⁹ × (5 × 10⁻⁶)²/r² 80 × 10⁻³ = 9 × 10⁹ × 25 × 10⁻¹²/r² r² = (225 × 10⁻³)/(80 × 10⁻³) = 2.8125 r = 1.68 m The charg…

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**Relative Permittivity (εᵣ or K)**: Ratio of absolute permittivity of medium to permittivity of free space. εᵣ = ε/ε₀ = F_vacuum/F_medium **Effect**: Force in medium = F_vacuum/εᵣ For water (εᵣ = 80…

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**Definition**: Electric field intensity at a point is the force experienced per unit positive test charge placed at that point. **Formula**: E = F/q₀ = (1/4πε₀) × (Q/r²) N/C **Unit**: Newton per Co…

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**Relation**: E = V/d (for uniform field between parallel plates) **Given Problem**: V = 12 V, d = 2 mm = 2 × 10⁻³ m **Solution**: E = V/d = 12/(2 × 10⁻³) = 6000 V/m = 6 × 10³ V/m This shows how ev…