Laws of Motion — Flashcards
Maharashtra Board · Class 11 · Physics
22 flashcards for Laws of Motion (Maharashtra Board Class 11 Physics) to test yourself on key terms and facts.
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What is Newton's First Law of Motion? State it and explain its significance.
Answer
Newton's First Law: Every object continues to be in its state of rest or uniform motion along a straight line unless acted upon by an external unbalanced force. Significance: • Defines inertia as a f…
State Newton's Second Law and derive F = ma from it.
Answer
Newton's Second Law: Rate of change of linear momentum is directly proportional to applied force and occurs in direction of force. Mathematically: F = dp/dt Derivation: F = dp/dt = d(mv)/dt For cons…
What is Newton's Third Law? Give examples and explain action-reaction pairs.
Answer
Newton's Third Law: To every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction. Key Points: • Forces always occur in pairs • Act on different objects • Equal in magnitude, opposite in direction • Act a…
Define linear momentum and state the principle of conservation of momentum.
Answer
Linear Momentum (p): p = mv Vector quantity with same direction as velocity Units: kg⋅m/s Conservation of Momentum: "Total momentum of an isolated system remains constant during any interaction." Ma…
What are the four fundamental forces in nature? Arrange them in order of strength.
Answer
Four Fundamental Forces (strongest to weakest): 1. Strong Nuclear Force: - Binds nucleons in nucleus - Range: ~10⁻¹⁴ m - Charge independent 2. Electromagnetic Force: - Between charged pa…
Distinguish between inertial and non-inertial frames of reference with examples.
Answer
Inertial Frame: • Newton's laws are valid • No acceleration relative to fixed stars • Object at rest stays at rest if no force acts • Examples: Laboratory on Earth, train moving at constant velocity …
Define impulse and derive the impulse-momentum theorem.
Answer
Impulse (J): Change in momentum produced by a force J = Δp = p₂ - p₁ Impulse-Momentum Theorem: From Newton's second law: F = dp/dt Therefore: F dt = dp Integrating: ∫F dt = ∫dp = Δp = J For constant…
Solve: A 2 kg object moving at 10 m/s collides with a 3 kg object at rest. Find final velocities for perfectly elastic collision.
Answer
Given: m₁ = 2 kg, u₁ = 10 m/s, m₂ = 3 kg, u₂ = 0 Elastic collision: e = 1 For elastic collision formulas: v₁ = [(m₁-m₂)u₁ + 2m₂u₂]/(m₁+m₂) v₂ = [(m₂-m₁)u₂ + 2m₁u₁]/(m₁+m₂) Substituting: v₁ = [(2-3)×…
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