Electrochemistry
Madhya Pradesh Board · Class 12 · Chemistry
Quick revision notes for Electrochemistry — Madhya Pradesh Board Class 12 Chemistry. Key concepts, formulas, and definitions for last-minute revision.
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1. Electrochemical Cells and Electrode Potentials
- A Daniell cell converts the chemical energy of the redox reaction Zn(s) + Cu2+(aq) -> Zn2+(aq) + Cu(s) into electrical energy.
- A Daniell cell is a galvanic or voltaic cell.
- In a galvanic cell, oxidation takes place at the anode and reduction takes place at the cathode.
2. Nernst Equation, Equilibrium Constant, and Gibbs Energy
- The Nernst equation gives electrode potential or cell potential under non-standard conditions.
- For a Daniell cell, E_cell increases with increase in [Cu2+] and decreases with increase in [Zn2+].
- At equilibrium, cell potential becomes zero.
3. Conductance, Resistivity, Conductivity, and Molar Conductivity
- Resistance depends on the dimensions of a conductor or solution column.
- Resistivity is a material property and is the resistance of a substance of unit length and unit area of cross section.
- Conductance is the reciprocal of resistance.
4. Kohlrausch Law and Weak Electrolytes
- Kohlrausch law states that the limiting molar conductivity of an electrolyte is the sum of the individual ionic contributions.
- This law helps find limiting molar conductivity of weak electrolytes.
- For weak electrolytes, Λm cannot be obtained by extrapolation to zero concentration.
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