Kingdoms Plantae And Animalia — Flashcards
NIOS · Class 12 · Biology
38 flashcards for Kingdoms Plantae And Animalia (NIOS Class 12 Biology) to test yourself on key terms and facts.
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What are the main characteristics that define Kingdom Plantae?
Answer
Kingdom Plantae consists of multicellular, eukaryotic organisms that are photosynthetic autotrophs (rarely heterotrophs) with cellulosic cell walls. All plants are embryophytes, meaning they develop f…
What does the term 'bryophyte' mean and what is their ecological significance?
Answer
Bryophytes are the 'amphibians of the plant kingdom' because they complete their life cycle in both aquatic and terrestrial environments. They include liverworts, mosses, and hornworts. Ecologically, …
Describe the structure and function of rhizoids in bryophytes.
Answer
Rhizoids are hair-like structures that anchor bryophytes to soil and absorb water and minerals from the substrate. In liverworts and hornworts, rhizoids are unicellular, while in mosses they are multi…
What is alternation of generations and which plant groups exhibit this pattern?
Answer
Alternation of generations is a life cycle in which an organism switches between two distinct multicellular forms: a haploid gametophyte (produces gametes via mitosis) and a diploid sporophyte (produc…
How do pteridophytes differ from bryophytes in terms of vascular tissue and plant body dominance?
Answer
Pteridophytes (ferns) have true vascular tissues (xylem and phloem) that conduct water and nutrients throughout the plant, whereas bryophytes lack these tissues. In pteridophytes, the sporophyte is th…
Describe the distinctive features of fern leaves (fronds) and their spore-producing structures.
Answer
Fern leaves, called fronds, are divided into smaller leaflets (pinnae) arranged on either side of a central axis called the rachis. Young fronds are characteristically circinately coiled (like a violi…
What does 'gymnosperm' mean and what is the key feature of their reproduction?
Answer
Gymnosperm means 'naked seed,' referring to the fact that ovules develop as naked structures on specialized leaf-like scales called ovuliferous scales, not enclosed within an ovary. Gymnosperm reprodu…
Compare the leaf morphology of Pinus and Cycas, two common gymnosperm examples.
Answer
Pinus (pine) has needle-like, simple leaves that grow on short dwarf shoots and are adapted for water conservation in cold climates. The foliage leaves are small and narrow, helping to reduce water lo…
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